Prepared by:

Joel S. Balindan
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
 Indo-Malayan migrants brought with them wet-rice
for agriculture and carabao was also use as source of
animal power for cultivation. This type of agriculture
predominated near bodies of water like Rivers and
Lakes. Slash-and-burn kaingin culture or non-plow
farming predominated in other areas. This indicate
shifting agriculture rather than sedentary type of rice
culture and the tribe were mainly nomadic.
 Main crops consisted of rice, Gabi, yams, bananas,
corn, millet, coconuts, citrus, ginger, clove, cinnamon
and nutmeg.
 No agricultural specialization existed. The pattern of
agriculture was chiefly subsistence farms were small,
chiefly backyard in coastal and riverbank settlements
 Most barangays were self-sufficient land was abundant and
population was estimated to be about 500,000 by the mid-
16th century. Private Land ownership do not exist
 During this period absence of food surpluses were
attributed to:
1. Absence of full-blown ruling class who could exploit
producers for surplus.
2. Limited foreign trade.
3. Food Scarcity in some settlements.
COLONIAL PERIOD
 This period introduced a non-producing class for
which Filipinos produced surplus leading to an
increase in agricultural productions include:
mulberry, cacao, wheat, cucumber, cantaloupe,
watermelon, coffee, new varieties of cereals, peas
and other vegetables.
 The development of haciendas allowed for the
introduction of technology and processing, e.g.
steam or hydraulic-powered sugar mills.
 Mach 06, 1909 the college of agriculture was
founded in Los Baños as a unit of the University of
the Philippines.
POST-WAR PERIOD
 This characterized by the following:

1. Introduction of technological improvements.

2. Campaign for use of modern farm inputs and farm
mechanization in 50’s.
3. Building up of market for tractors and power tillers in the
60’s.
4. Establishment of the International Rice Research
Institute.
5. Introduction of the high yielding rice varieties.

 Further development and expansion of international

agricultural trading especially for coconuts and its by-
products, tobaccos, sugar, pineapple, etc….
State of Philippine Agriculture
 The Philippine is rich in agricultural potential;
However agricultural commodities reveal a poor state
of agriculture competitiveness.
 The modernization of the country’s agriculture sector
has been mandated with the signing into law
Republic Act 8435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries
Modernization Act (AFMA). But the AFMA was sign
into law in 1997 and the country remains biggest rice
importer in the world.
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities of
and Threats in Philippine Agriculture

 Strengths
 Availability of expertise in agricultural research and
development
 Basic institutions in research are in place
 Endowed with natural resources
 Availability of agricultural technologies to boost
production
 Weaknesses
 Physical
 Climate – typhoons, drought
 Soil – loss of top soil due to erosion particularly in sloppy
areas
 Biological
 Pest; insect pest, weeds, pathogens
 Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities
 Suitable varieties
 Socio-economic
 Low farm input
 Small land holdings
 Decreasing interest in agriculture
 Inadequate support and extension services for optimum
production
 Inadequate incentives and support for more efficient
production e.g. irrigation facilities as well as post harvest
infrastructures
 Inadequate farm to market roads
 Marketing problems
 Opportunities
 Drivers agro-environment for a diverse cropping system
 Wide range of soils and climate to grow different crops
 Whole year round growing period
 Sunlight: 11-13 hrs
 Temperature: 24-32 °C
 Rainfall: 2400-4000mm/yr
 Threats
 Population growth
 Globaliation
 Weak governance
 Deteriorating natural resources endownments
Quiz
1. This is the period introduced a non-producing class for which Filipinos produced
surpluses.
Answer: B.
A. Pre-Colonial B. Colonial Period C. Post-War Period
2. The College of Agriculture was founded in Los Banos as a unit of the university of
the Philippines.
Answer: A.
A. March o6, 1909 B. March 06 1907 C. March 06, 1901
3. This period indicate shifting Agriculture rather than sedentary type of rice culture
and the tribe were mainly nomadic.
Answer: A.
A. Pre-Colonial B. Colonial Period C. Post-War Period
4. In Pre-Colonial Period the Carabao was also used as a source of power for what?
Answer: C.
A. Power B. Tribe C. Cultivation
5. During this Period absence of Food surpluses were attributed to:
Answer: A.
A. Absence of full-blown ruling class who could exploit producers for surplus
B. Introduction of high yielding Rice Varieties
C. Introduction of the technological improvements