Mental Health Nursing I

NURS 1300

Unit III
Developmental Stages
Throughout the Life Span
 Objective 1
Review concepts specific to health and
development

 Health
 level of functional and metabolic
efficiency
 ability to respond efficiently to stressors

 effective restoration and sustenance of

homeostasis
 Objective 1 (cont’d)
 Growth
 measurement of increase in physical
dimensions
 Development
 behavioral changes
 increasing competency in functional
abilities and skills
 Maturation
 biological plan for growth and
development
 Objective 2

Review Erikson’s 8 stages of

development and describe how
mastery of each task relates to one’s
self-concept
 Stage 1 – Trust vs. Mistrust

Birth to 18 months

Develop a sense of trust in others

Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

18 months to 3 years

Learn self-control
 Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt

3 to 6 years

Initiate spontaneous activities

Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority

6 to 12 years

Develop necessary social skills

 Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role Confusion

12 to 20 years

Integrate childhood experiences into a

personal identity
 Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation

18 to 25 years

Develop commitments to others and to a

career
 Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation

21 to 45 years

Establish a family and become productive

 Stage 8 – Integrity vs. Despair

45+ years

View one’s life as meaningful and fulfilling

 Objective 3

Describe the major developmental

characteristics and concerns of each
of the 8 stages
 Stage 1
 Characteristics
 social attachment
 maturation of sensory, perceptual, and
motor functions
 Concerns
 may develop emotional dissatisfaction
with self and others, suspiciousness, and
difficulty with interpersonal relationships
if one fails to master this stage of
development
 Stage 2
 Characteristics
 self-control
 language development

 fantasy play

 Concerns
 failure to master this task may result in
lack of self-confidence, lack of pride in
the ability to perform, a sense of being
controlled by others, and rage against self
 Stage 3
 Characteristics
 early moral development
 self-esteem

 group play

 egocentrism

 Concerns
 feelings of inadequacy and guilt
 accepting of liability in situations for
which individual is not responsible
 Stage 4
 Characteristics
 friendship
 skill learning

 self-evaluation

 team play

 Concerns
 difficulty in interpersonal relationships
caused by feelings of inadequacy
 Stage 5

 Characteristics
 physical maturation
 emotional development

 membership in peer group

 sexual relationships

 Concerns
 failure results in self-consciousness,
doubt, and confusion about one’s role in
life
 Stage 6
 Characteristics
 stable relationships
 childbearing

 work

 Concerns
 withdrawal
 social isolation

 aloneness

 inability to form lasting, intimate

relationships
 Stage 7

 Characteristics
 nurturing of close relationships
 management of career and household

 parenting

 Concerns
 may develop a lack of concern for the
welfare of others and total preoccupation
with the self if one fails to master this
task
 Stage 8

 Characteristics
 promote intellectual vigor
 redirect energy to new roles and activities

 develop a point-of-view about death

 Concerns
 failure may result in self-contempt and
disgust with how life has progressed
 Objective 4

Describe the basic human needs in

each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
 Objective 5
List factors which influence the
client’s ability to meet physiological
and safety needs
 Age
 Cultural beliefs
 Spirituality
 Self-concept
 Family and community resources
 Emotional responses to illness
 Objective 6

Describe nursing measures that will

assist the client in meeting
physiological and safety needs
 Nursing diagnoses for clients’
physiological needs:

 Ineffective airway clearance

 Sleep pattern disturbance
 Impaired skin integrity
 Fluid volume deficit
 Pain
 Impaired mobility
Nursing diagnoses for clients’ safety
needs:

 Risk for falls

 Risk for injury
 Risk for infection
 Anxiety or fear
 Memory impairment
 Confusion
 Objective 7
Discuss priority needs of the client

 Lower needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy of

Needs require fulfillment before those at
higher levels can be achieved

 The basic needs for human functioning

are the physiological needs, and safety
and security needs
 Objective 8
Relate how self-esteem can affect the
hospitalized individual

Hospitalization takes away locus of

control, highly impacting self-esteem