Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Waste
Presented by:-
P.Akhil
e-Waste
What is E-waste?
Electronic Waste (e-Waste) comprises of waste
electronic/electrical goods which are not fit for their
originally intended use. These include items such as
computers, cellular phones, stereos, refrigerators, air
conditioners, other consumer durables, etc.
Is e-Waste Hazardous?
E-waste is not hazardous waste per-se. However, the
hazardous constituents present in the e-waste render it
hazardous when such wastes are dismantled and
processed, since it is only at this stage that they pose
hazard to health and environment.
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COMPONENTS CONSTITUENTS
Printed circuit boards Lead & cadmium
Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) Lead oxide & Cadmium
Switches & flat screen monitors Mercury
Computer batteries Cadmium
Capacitors and transformers Poly Chlorinated Bi-phenyls (PCB)
Printed circuit boards, plastic Brominated Flame Retardant casin
gs cable
Cable insulation/coating Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
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Information and telecom fastest growing industry verticals
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e-Waste generation in India:
Level 1
Potential Annual e-
Waste:
3,82,979 MT
• of this Imports: 50K
MT
Level 2
Total e-Waste
available for recycling
and refurbishing:
1,44,143 MT
Level 3
e-Waste Processed:19K MT
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E-waste recycling is presently concentrated
in the informal (unorganized) sector
No organized collection system prevails
Operations are mostly illegal
Processes are highly polluting
Recycling operations engage in:
dismantling
sale of dismantled parts
valuable resource recovery
export of processed waste for precious metal re
covery
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High-risk backyard operation
Non- efficient and Non-
environmentally sound technologies
Occupational and environmental
hazards
Loss of resources due to inefficient
processes
Impacts vulnerable social groups-
Women, children and mmigrant
labourers
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Various legislations cover different aspects of e-waste
The hazardous waste (management and handling ) rules, 1998 as amend
ed in 2008 for Toxic content – registration mandatory for recyclers
Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules for non-Toxic con
tent
Basel convention for regulating transboundary movement
Foreign Trade policy restricts import of second-hand computers and d
oes not permit import of e-waste
‘Guidelines’ by Central Pollution Control Board ( 2008)
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The guidelines notified in April 2008 - basic guidance document
identifying and recognizing fundamental principles:
Producer Responsibility
RoHS (Restriction on Hazardous Substances)
Best practices
Insight into technologies for various levels of recycling
The guidelines explicitly mention the need for a separate legisla
tion for implementing ‘Producer Responsibility’
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E-waste is ‘distinct’ as it is an end-of-consumption waste while hazardous waste re
sults from a distinct industrial process
Environment Protection Act provides for separate regulations for waste with ‘disti
nct’ characteristics - Biomedical Wastes (M&H) Rules- 1998 , lead acid batteries,
the Batteries (M&H) Rules- 2001 etc.
The e-waste value chain is rather complex as it involves multiple players - produce
rs, distributors, retailers, end consumers, collection system, recyclers while hazar
dous waste chain involves only the ‘occupier/ generator’ and the ‘operator’
Recovery of non-ferrous metals and reprocessing of used oil are the only two maj
or activities in hazardous waste recycling while e-waste recycling involves refurbi
shment for reuse, dismantling and precious metal recovery which is a complex proc
ess
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Title: E-waste (Management & Handling) Rules to be published under
the Environment Protection Act
OBJECTIVE :To put in place an effective mechanism to regulate the gene
ration, collection, storage, transportation, import, export, environmentally
sound recycling, treatment and disposal of e-waste. This includes refurbis
hment, collection system and producer responsibility thereby reducing th
e wastes destined for final disposal.
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Responsibility of each element in the e-waste Value Chain:
• Producers – Extended/Individual Producer Responsibility
• Dealers
• Collection agencies/ collection Centres
• Dismantler
• Recycler
• Consumer and bulk consumers
Procedure for Authorization of producers, collection agencies, dismantler
s, recyclers and enforcement agencies
Procedure for registration/renewal of registration of recyclers
Regulations for import of e-waste
Liability of producers, collection agencies, transporter, dismantlers and r
ecyclers
Information & Tracking
Elimination of hazardous substances used in e-equipments
Setting up of Designated Authority to ensure transparency, audit and ins
pect facilities, examine authorization/ registration etc.
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