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The Arrival
Of Turks
Done By: Saba Fathima
  Today,we will discuss about the Invasions of
Turks (11th-12th Centuries) and the
establishment of Turkish rule in India.
 The Turks belong to a nomadic tribe of
Mangolia, a part of Central Asia, who had
accepted Islam.
 The credit of establishing the Muslim rule in
India goes to the Turks. The leadership of
Islam was introduced first by the Arabs
then by the Persians and then by the Turks.
The Arabs and the Persians had failed in
their attempts but the Turks were
successful which is the reason why Islam is
alive today in India.

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  In the beginning, the Turks’ only strength was their power
of arms. But, in less than a century, they converted
themselves into extremely cultured people and succeeded
in preserving the best elements of the Islamic culture.
 Despite the failed attempt of Arabs to capture the
Sindhis, the Sind region was then a constant target of the
Turks.
 Alaptigin, who belonged to this tribe, established his
independent rule in 963 C.E in ‘Ghazni’ region of
Afghanistan. The battles between Turks and Rajputs
started from this period.

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1) Muhammad
Ghazni
 Sebuktigin

Esmail Mahmud

Muhammad

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  Ghazni ascended the throne after
Alaptigin in 999 C.E. Muhammad
Ghazni invaded India 17 times. The
famous Somanatha Temple and the
temples of Saurashtra were
destroyed during his invasions.
 Muhammad succeeded in his
invasions and he carried away
enormous amount of golden
ornaments and wealth to The
Ghaznis.

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  Though he did not build empire in India, his invasions
showed the way to future Turk invasions into India.

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 2)Muhammad
Ghori

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  Ghiyasuddin Muhammad Ghor of
the Ghor dynasty, who is also
called Muhammad ghori by the
historians, ascended the throne.
 Ghor dynasty of Afghanistan came
to existence and ended the rule
of Ghazni dynasty.
 He sent his younger brother
Mujahideen Muhammad to
establish Turk rule in India.
 He first invaded Multan. He
wanted to rerule the places of
Sindh that were now under the
rule of Muhammad Ghazni.

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  He changed his plan when he invaded Anilwada in Gujarat and got defeated
there. He instead decided to invade Peshawar and then Khusro Malik of
Lahore surrendered. He made Lahore his centre and invaded other plains
of India.
 This attack was resisted by the ruler of Delhi, Prithviraj Chauhan III who
defeated Ghori at Terrain in 1191 C.E.
 Muhammad returned to Ghor and again fought Prithviraj Chauhan III in
1192 C.E. Due to the lot of planning, he won and the army of Rajputs were
kicked out with slow moving elephants.
 Though Prithviraj Chauhan was imprisoned, he continued to rule after his
surrender. Muhammad appointed various men to take care of the areas won
by him in India and he departed back to his hometown. He was killed on his
way to Ghori.

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Political
Implications
  The Ghori and Ghazni are responsible for vanishing the
political system of small kingdoms. A centralized rule of
Sultan who had immense power at Delhi came into existence.
The result of this was that the entire Northern India came
under one rule of Harsha.
 The administration system was very different from the
Rajputs. The Sultans had the absolute power to appoint or
dismiss any official they want. Soldiers were appointed
directly by the Sultans which is why they remained loyal to
them.
 With the establishment of the rule of the Sultans, India got
reconnected with the outer world from which it had remained
cut off since the 8th century.
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 Thank you!
Any
questions?

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