SEMINAR PRESENTATION

TOPIC: CRYOGENIC GRINDING

SUBMITTED BY ;
AMAL A MENON
S7 MECH A
 CONTENTS
• TRADITIONAL GRINDING
• DISADVANTAGES OF TRADITONAL GRINDING
• INTRODUCTION TO CRYO-GRINDING
• CHARACTERISTICS
• REASON BEHIND THE EMBRITTLEMENT
• WORKING
• ADVANTAGES
• TRADITIONAL GRINDING vs CRYO-GRINDING
• ADVANTAGES OF CRYOGRINDING WITH LIQUID NITROGEN
• PRECAUTIONS
• APPLICATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
 TRADITIONAL GRINDING
• TRADITIONAL OR CONVENTIONAL GRINDING
INVOLVES A GRINDING TOOL , FEED AND
POWER SYSTEM.

• THE TOOL IS MADE OF STRONG ABRASIVE

MATERIAL AND THE MICROSCOPIC FRICTION
BETWEEN THE PARTICLES PROVIDE THE
REQUIRED GRINDING EFFECT .
 DISADVANTAGES OF TRADITONAL
GRINDING

• The heat is developed inside the grinding mill

• Evaporation of the essential oils and on the other
hand, heat-sensitive fats are melted.
• High energy consumption
• No control on particle size
• High capacity motors are required to grind the
material.
 CRYOGENIC GRINDING

• Cryogenic is the study of low temperature and behavior

of materials under these Low temperature of about
-150 °c and below .

• Cryogenic grinding employs a cryogenic process to

embrittle and grind the materials to achieve consistent
particle size for a wide range of products.

• Cryogenic grinding involves cooling a material below its

embrittlement temperature with a cryogenic fluid.

• Usually Liquid nitrogen is used to cool to the required

temperature range .
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYO GRINDING
• Cryogenic grinding process doesn’t damage or
alter the chemical composition of the material.
• More uniform particle size distribution
• All materials embrittle when exposed to low
temperature and the method utilizes the cooling
effect of LN2 to embrittle materials prior to or
during Grinding process.
• Approx. 2 - 3 times higher grinding capacity
 REASON BEHIND Brittleness of metals at
low temperature
• At higher temperatures, defects in the crystal
lattice of a material are more mobile. Bending a
crystal will introduce slippage and cracking.

• At higher temperatures, bonds re-form around

the dislocated surfaces, distorting the lattice
nearby, shifting the stress around.

• At lower temperatures, the nearby atoms in the

crystal lattice do not move and long cracks can
form more easily.
WORKING OF CRYO-GRINDER
• Material to be Grounded is cleaned manually and
fed into hooper.
• From the exit of hopper it enters into the helical
conveyor belt
• Liquid nitrogen from a storage container is
sprayed into the screw conveyor. The time of
stay of spice in the conveyor can be adjusted
by varying the speed of the drives
• The speed of screw conveyor and the amount
of nitrogen to be sprayed can be varied by
using a feedback control system .
• The material is finally moved to the grinding
mill .
• When the mill is running the material gets
crushed between the studs and cones and
comes out through an optional sieve as a
ground product.
• The nitrogen from the mill is sucked by a
centrifugal blower and the cyclic process is
continued.
• Valves are provided for the manual control of
the system at the time of any emergency
leakage .
 ADVANTAGES
■ Smaller particle size.
■ More uniform particle size distribution.
■ Temperature control.
■ Reduced power consumption.
■ Minimal loss of volatile components.
 TRADITIONAL GRINDING
TRADITIONAL GRINDING
1. Heat is developed inside
the grinding mill.
2. High energy consumption.
3. High capacity motors are
required to grind the material.
4. No control on particlesize.
5. Air pollution due to
evaporating essential oil into
the atmosphere
vs CRYO-GRINDING
CRYO-GRINDING
•1 . Temperature below 0 °c
inside Grinding mill.
2.Low energy consumption.
3.Low capacity motors are required
to grind the material.
4.Particle size are undercontrol
5. No pollution
 ADVANTAGES OF CRYOGRINDING
WITH LIQUID NITROGEN
• Prevention of oxidation
• Higher vaporisation temperature
• Increased power saving
• Finer particle size
• cheaper
 PRECAUTIONS
■ Always wear safety goggles and/or face
shield and appropriate cryogenic gloves.
■ Examine containers and pressure relief
valves for signs of defects.
 Applications
• Thermoplastics are difficult to grind to small size
Particles at ambient temperatures Because they
soften ,adhere in lumpy masses . When chilled using
cryogens like LN2, it can be finely ground to Powders.

• Large amount of heat is generated during

conventional grinding of Steel, At high speed and
feed rates temperature increases excessively at
the cutting Zones. To overcome this problem LN2
is fed into the grinding spot.
• Explosives
To grind the explosive materials Below their ignition
temperature.
• To overcome the volatility of Etheric oils
( gives the taste and smell of spices )
 CONCLUSION
• Cryogenic grinding process technology can efficiently grind
most tough materials.

• It employs a cryogenic process to embrittle and guide

materialsto achieve consistent particle size for a wide
range of products.

• Doesnt alter the chemical composition of materials

• The technique can be easily extended to processing of
PVC and industrial waste plastics in view of recycling of
non-biodegradable materials.
 REFERENCE
• http://en.wikipedia.org./wiki/cryogenics
• https://van.physics.illinois.edu
• http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet