STEERING SYSTEM

By Nilesh Bhaskar – 167R1A0327

What is STEERING SYSTEM?
• KEY INTERFACE BETWEEN DRIVER AND

VEHICLE

• SET OF MECHANISM USED TO CONTROL THE PATH

FOLLOWED BY VEHICLE

• ALLOW DRIVER TO GUIDE THE VEHICLE.

Types of steerings
Ackermann Steering
Types Of Steering Gear Box
 Worm and wheel steering gear
 Worm and sector steering gear
 Recirculating ball steering gear
 Rack and pinion steering gear.
Worm and wheel steering gear
Recirculating ball steering gear
Power Steering
Steering Ratio
 RELATIVE NO. OF TURNS OF STEERING WHEEl TO
MOVEMENT OF WHEELS.
 SIZE OF PINION GEAR ANDNUMBER OF TEETH ON
GEAR DETERMINES STEERING RATIO.
 EFFECTS RESPONSE OF VEHICLE
Steering Ratio Comparison
• HEAVIER VEHICLES HAVE HIGHER STEERING
RATIO.
• MORE TURNING OF STEERING WHEELS
• RESULTS IN LESSER EFFORT

• LIGHTER VEHICLES HAVE LOWER STEERING

RATIO.
• LESS NO. OF TURNS
• REQUIRES MORE EFFORT TO TURN
Steering Geometry
Factors
 CASTER ANGLE
 CAMBER ANGLE
 STEERING AXIS INCLINATION
 TOE
 THRUST ANGLE
 TURNING RADIUS
 SUSPENSION HEIGHT
 FUNCTIONS
ANGLE B/W VERTICLE
LINE AND KINGPIN SELF CENTRING
CENTRELINE (FROM ACTION
STRAIGHT LINE
S.V.)
STABILITY
EXCESSIVE CASTER
MAKES STEERING
HEAVIER, LESS
RESPONSIVE AND
INCREASED EFFORT
INWARD OR OUTWARD TILT
OF WHEEL (FROM F.V.)
FUNCTIONS
+VE CAMER LOWER
STEERING EFFORT
-VE CAMBER
IMPROVES GRIP
EXCESSIVE CAMBER
CAUSES INCREASED
TIRE WEAR, REDUCES
STRAIGT LINE
ACCLERATION
ANGLE B/W VERTICLE LINE FUNCTIONS
AND KINGPIN CENTRELINE
(FROM F.V.)
HELPS IN
STEERING
RETURNABILITY
AFTER A TURN IS
COMPLETED
REDUCES
STEERING EFFORT
REDUCES TIRE
WEAR
SYMMETERIC ANGLE B/W
WHEELS AND AXIS OF VEHICLE
FUNCTIONS
 TOE IN INCREASES
STRAIGHT LINE
STABILITY AT
COST OF TURNING
RESPONSE

 GREATER THE TOE

FASTER THE TIRE
WEARS
ANGLE B/W GEOMETRIC
CENTRELINE AND FUNCTIONS
THRUST LINE

OCCURS WHEN REAR

WHEEL HAS
IMPROPER
ALIGNMENT
EFFECTS DIRECTION
OF TRAVEL BY
CAUSING PULL IN THE
DIRECTION AWAY
FROM THRUST LINE
 The turning circle of a car is the
diameter of the circle described by
the outside wheels when turning
on full lock. There is no hard and
fast formula to calculate the
turning circle but you can get
close by using this
Turning circle radius = (track/2) + (wheelbase/
sin(average steerangle))