TOPIC – GAS LEAKAGE SENSOR ALARM

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

N.P. Gupta Sir • Madhav Dangra
• Himanshu Kumar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
teacher N.P GUPTA as well as our chairman sir PRAVEEN
THAKRAL who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic LPG GAS LEAKAGE SENSOR ,
which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to
know about so many new things I am really thankful to
them.Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.
INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 BASIC PRINCIPLE
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 WORKING
 ADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
A gas detector is a device which detects the presence of
various gases within an area, usually as part of a safety
system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak
and interface with a control system so a process can be
automatically shut down. A gas detector can also sound an
alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring,
giving them the opportunity to leave the area. This type of
device is important because there are many gases that can be
harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. Gas
detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and
toxic gases, and oxygen depletion.
Gas detectors are usually battery operated. They transmit
warnings via a series of audible and visible signals such as
alarms and flashing lights, when dangerous levels of gas
vapors are detected. As detectors measure a gas
concentration, the sensor responds to a calibration gas, which
serves as the reference point or scale. As a sensor’s detection
exceeds a preset alarm level, the alarm or signal will be
activated. As units, gas detectors are produced as portable or
stationary devices. Originally, detectors were produced to
detect a single gas, but modern units may detect several toxic
or combustible gases, or even a combination of both types
BASIC PRINCIPLE
This circuit uses a popular OP AMP. I.C LM 358. I.C LM358 is
connected as comparator with pin-8
connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when the
trigger pin 3 is at lower then voltage level at pin no 2.
Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above pin no 2
level.So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is enough to
change the level of output (pin-1) from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. The
output has only two states high and low and can not remain in
any intermediate stage. It is powered by a 12V power supply.
The circuit is economic in power consumption.Pin 4 is ground
and pin 8 is connected to the positive supply and pin 1 is
grounded.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

GAS VOLTAGE
AMPLIFIER
SENSOR COMPARATOR

ALARM
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 MQ-6 Semiconductor sensor for LPG
 L.E.D
 Variable Resistance
 P.C.B (Printed Circuit Board)
 Driving Relay
 LM 358
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 MQ-6 Sensor :- Sensitive material of MQ-6 gas sensor is
SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the
target combustible gas exist, The sensor’s conductivity is
more higher along with the gas concentration rising. Please
use simple electrocircuit, Convert change of conductivity to
correspond output signal of gas concentration. MQ-6 gas
sensor has high sensitity to Propane, Butane and LPG, also
response to Natural gas.
 L.E.D :- A diode is a component that only allows electricity to
flow one way. It can be thought as a sort of one way street
for electrons. Because of this characteristic, dioded are
used to transform or rectify AC voltage into a DC voltage.
Diodes have two connections, an anode and a cathode. The
cathode is the end on the schematic with the point of the
triangle pointing towards a line. In other words, the triangle
points toward that cathode. The anode is, of course, the
opposite end. Current flows from the anode to the cathode.
Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, differ from regular diodes in
that when a voltage is applied, they emit light. LEDs are
used as indicators, transmitters, etc. Most likely, a LED will
never burn out like a regular lamp will and requires many
times less current.
 Variable Resistance :- (Potentiometer) Resistors are one of
the most common electronic components. A resistor is a
device that limits, or resists current. The current limiting
ability or resistance is measured in ohms, represented by
the Greek symbol Omega.

 P.C.B :- (Printed Circuit Board) with the help of P.C.B it is

easy to assemble circuit with neat and clean end products.
P.C.B is made of bakelite with surface pasted with copper
track-layout. For each components leg, hole is made.
Connection pin is passed through the hole and is soldered .
 Driving Relay :- Using the outputs of the lm358 decoder ICs
to drive relays is quite simple. Here are schematics showing
how to drive relays directly from the data-output pins of the
decoder.Another option for driving relays would be to use a
high-voltage, high-current, transistor bc547 can directly
interface to the data outputs of the IC lm 358, and provides
much higher drive-current. When base signal is high then
relay is ON when low then relay turn OFF.
 LM358 :- These devices consist of two independent, high-
gain frequency-compensated operational amplifiers
designed to operate from a single supply over a wide range
of voltages The LM358 series consists of two independent,
high gain, internally frequency compensated operational
amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from
a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
 When gas across the mq-6 then its voltage is increases which
results in increase of the voltage at pin 3 of the IC 358. IC 358has
got comparator inbuilt, which compares between the input voltage
from pin2 and 3rd of the power(via pot resistance) supply voltage.
When input falls below 1/3rd then output is set high otherwise it is
set low. Since in brightness, input voltage rises so we obtain no
positive voltage at output of pin 1 to drive relay or LED, besides in
poor light condition we get output to energize.
 The out put of relay connected with any machine which is
operated gate or door automatically when relay ON /OFF.
 Relay connected to pin no.1 of lm358 ic via bc547 transistor
ADVANTAGES
 Home Application
 Industrial use
 Restaurants
 Hospitals
 Gas Refill Station
CONCLUSION
So, we sum up our presentation by seeking out the
positive effect of this system by implementing it in
houses, restaurants and other places by making it
hazard free
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ELECTRONICS PROJECTS VOL 8 (THIRD EDITION)
 ELECTRONICS FOR YOU
 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS DESIGN AND
TECHNOLOGY (WALTER C. BOSSHART)
 www.electronics.com
 www.electronicforyou.com
 www.electronicprojets.com