CHAPTER 1

SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIAL

SERVICES AND SOCIAL
WORK
 OUTLINE
I. WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK
- Gertrude Wilson
- Walter Friedlander
- Elizabeth Wickenden
- Pre-Conference Working Committee for the XVth
International Conference
II. UNMEET NEEDS AND PROBLEMS
III. TWO VIEWS OR CONCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL WELFARE
IV. SOCIAL WLEFARE PROGRAMS
V. WHAT IS SOCIAL SERVICES
VI. WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR SOCIAL SERVICES
VII. IMPORTANT GOALS OF SOCIAL WELFARE
VIII. WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK
 DEFINITION OF SOCIAL WELFARE
• Gertrude Wilson
- it is an organized concern of all people for all people.

• Walter Friedlander
- defines it as the organized system of social services and
institutions, designed to aid individuals and groups to attain
satisfying standards of life and health.
• Elizabeth Wickenden
- it includes those laws, programs, benefits and services which
assure or strengthen provisions for meeting social needs
recognized as basic to the well-being of the population and the
better functioning of the social order.
• Pre-Conference Working Committee for the XVth
International Conference on Social Welfare

- all the organized social arrangements which have as their

direct and primary objective the well-being of people in a social
context.

It includes the broad range of policies and services which are

concerned with aspects of people's lives - their income, security,
health, housing, education, recreation, cultural traditions, etc.
We find in the foregoing definitions essentially one idea...

Social welfare encompasses the well-being of all the

members of human society, including their physical,
mental, emotional, social, economic and spiritual
well-being.
 Society responds to unmet needs and problems
through the following ways:

1. Individual and group efforts

- These refer to systematic and voluntary efforts
undertaken by individuals and/or groups in response to the
unmet needs of people in a community.
2. Major societal institutions which have their
designated roles and responsibilities for meeting
human needs.
- The family, the church, the government, cooperatives and
labor unions are major institutions. Social forces bring about changes
which can affect the effectiveness of these institutions in performing
their social welfare functions. Institutions-building should therefore
be a serious effort because of its crucial implications for the welfare
of human society.
3. Social Agency

- Whether under public or private auspices, a social

agency is a major provision for helping people with their
problems.

- It is an integral part of a community's institutionalized

network of services for its members. The professional social
worker in the Philippines is usually employed by a social
agency.
2 Views or Conceptions of Social Welfare

1. Residual Formulation

2. Institutional Formulation
Residual Formulation
- Conceives of the social welfare structure as temporary,
offered during emergency situations and withdrawn when the
regular social system - the family and the economic system - is
again working properly.

Institutional Formulation
- in contrast, sees social welfare as a proper, legitimate function
of modern society. That some individuals are not able to meet
all their needs is considered a “normal” condition, and helping
agencies are accepted as “regular” social institutions.
 Social welfare programs usually fall under the following
categories:
1.SOCIAL SECURITY - refers to the whole set of compulsory
measures instituted to protect the individual and his family
against the consequences of an unavoidable interruption
or serious diminution of the earned income disposable for
the maintenance of a reasonable standard of living.

Examples:
compulsory employer liability (with or without insurance),
provident funds, and social insurance
2. PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES - refer to service functions
which have major bearing upon personal problems,
individual situations of stress, interpersonal helping or
helping people in need, and the provision of direct
services in collaboration with workers from government
and voluntary agencies.

Examples:
programs for counseling, therapy and rehabilitation; programs
for providing access, information and advice; institutional services;
child protective services; and programs for the treatment of
deviants.
3. PUBLIC ASSISTANCE - refers to material/concrete
aids/ supports provided, usually by government
agencies, to people who have no income or means
of support for themselves and their families for
reasons such as loss of employment, natural
disasters, etc.

- In many foreign countries, public assistance is

simply called “Welfare.”
 WHAT IS SOCIAL SERVICES?
SOCIAL SERVICES
- Refers to the programs, services and other activities provided
under various auspices, to concretely answer the needs and
problems of the members of society.
- It may take the form of services to individuals and families,
services to groups, services to people with special problems (the
handicapped, the mentally retarded, etc.) as well as community
services.
 Why is there a need for social services?
• At all times everywhere, there are people who have
needs and problems beyond their own capacity for
solution. Social welfare (and therefore, social services)
has been accepted as a legitimate function of modern
industrial society in helping people fulfill themselves.

• Many of the problems people face today, after all, are

traceable to the rapid social change that has been taking
place, including the adverse effects of urbanization and
industrialization.
 Important Goals of Social Welfare
 Humanitarian and Social Justice Goals

 Social Control Goal

 Economic Development Goal

Humanitarian and Social Justice Goals
This goal of social welfare is rooted in the democratic
ideal of social justice, and is based on the belief that man
has the potential to realize himself, except that physical,
social, economic, psychological, and other factors
sometimes hinder or prevent him from realizing his
potentials.

This concept submits that it is right and just for man to

help man, hence, social services.
This goal involves the identification of the most
afflicted, the most dependent, the most
neglected, and those least able to help
themselves , and making them the priority
target for the investment of scarce resources.
Social Control Goal
This goal is based on the recognition that
needy, deprived, or disadvantaged groups
may strikeout, individually and/or collectively,
against what they consider to be an alienating
or offending society.
Economic Development Goal
 It places priority on those programs designed to
support increases in the production of goods and
services, and other resources that will contribute
to economic development.

The immediate beneficiaries of such programs

may be the able-bodied, relatively better-off
members of the community.
 WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK?

SOCIAL WORK
- is the profession which is concerned with man's
adjustment to his environment and the enhancement of
his social functioning.
- a profession which is primarily concerned with organized
social services activity aimed to facilitate and strengthen
basic social relationships and the mutual adjustment
between individuals and their social environment for the
good of the individual and of society.

- it promotes social change, problem solving in human

relationships and he empowerment and liberation of people
to enhance well-being.
Thank you! God bless 

Prepared by:
Ocampo, Sophia Gel C.