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4
You Try…
1. What is the empirical formula for C4H8?
2. What is the empirical formula for C8H14?
3. Which is a possible molecular formula for CH2O?
a) C4H4O4 b) C2H4O2 c) C3H6O3
4. A compound has an empirical formula SN. If there are 4
atoms of N in one molecule, what is the molecular
formula? Explain.
3 Steps for determining Chemical Formulas
1. Determine the percent composition of all elements.
2. Convert this information into an empirical formula
3. Find the true number of atoms/ elements in the
compound (Molecular Formula)
Percent Composition Review
Percent composition
• Is the percent by mass of each element in a formula.
Example: Calculate the percent composition of CO2.
CO2 = 1(12.01g/mol) + 2(16.00 g/mol) = 44.01 g/mol)
%C = total g C x 100
total g
This Brain Break seems simple. However, you will find out soon that you will have a hard time
mastering it.
1. Stand Up.
2. Start by waving your right hand in front of you left to right. Your palm should be
facing away from you while keeping your hand with your fingers pointing up.
3. Now stop that hand and have your left hand in front of you waving it up and
down.
4. Now practice moving them at the SAME TIME. Do not move your hands going
diagonally.
5. Now switch to have your right hand up and down and your left hand left and
right. Do this faster and switch often to make it more difficult.
6. Lastly, to increase the difficulty, have your arms crossed while doing this.
Calculating Empirical Formula
1. If given % composition, assume 100 g of sample
2. Convert mass of each element to moles (gmol)
3. Divide each of these numbers by the smallest number
4. If necessary, multiply by the smallest number possible to
make each a whole number
5. These whole numbers are the subscripts in the empirical
formula called mole ratio
The percentage composition of a compound is found
to be 32.4% sodium, 22.5% sulfur, 45.1 % oxygen.
Determine the empirical formula.
Step 1: Assume 100 g of Sample
32.4% Na 32.4 g Na
22.5% S 22.5 g S
45.1% O 45.1 g O
Step 2: Convert grams to moles
The percentage composition of a compound is found
to be 32.4% sodium, 22.5% sulfur, 45.1 % oxygen.
Determine the empirical formula.
Step 3: Divide by smallest mol
1.41 mol Na 0.702 mol S 2.82 mol O
Na2SO4
The percentage composition of acetic acid is found
to be 39.9% C, 6.7% H, and 53.4% O. Determine the
empirical formula of acetic acid.
Step 1. Assume 100 g of Sample:
39.9% C 39.9 g C
6.7% H 6.7 g H
53.4% O 53.4 g O
Step 2. Convert grams to moles
The percentage composition of acetic acid is found
to be 39.9% C, 6.7% H, and 53.4% O. Determine the
empirical formula of acetic acid.
Step 3: Divide by smallest mol
3.32 mol C 6.65 mol H 3.34 mol O
CH2O
You Try
H3PO4
17
BRAIN BREAK: The Crab
• Directions:
1. Stand Up
2. Put your arms out in front of you and touch your fingers and
thumbs together.
3. Now put lower your middle fingers so that the knuckles touch.
Keep them flat against each other.
4. Now un-touch and retouch your thumbs.
5. Now un-touch and retouch your index fingers.
6. Now un-touch and retouch your ring fingers.
7. Lastly, un-touch and retouch your pinkies.
Good luck. This one was difficult.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp0sa7Z72R8
Converting Decimals to Whole Numbers
When the number of moles for an element is a
decimal, all the moles are multiplied by a small
integer to obtain whole number.
Aspirin is 60.0% C, 4.5 % H and 35.5 % O.
Calculate its empirical formula.
Step 1. Assume 100 g of Sample:
60.0% C 60.0 g C
4.5% H 4.5 g H
35.5% O 35.5 g O
Step 2. Convert grams to moles
Aspirin is 60.0% C, 4.5 % H and 35.5 % O.
Calculate its empirical formula.
Step 3: Divide by smallest mol
5.00 mol C 4.46 mol H 2.22 mol O
C9H8O4
Your Turn
Mg3N2
22
Calculating Molecular Formula From
Empirical Formula
• Find the empirical formula mass by adding up the
weights of the atoms in the empirical formula.
• Divide the molecular mass by the formula mass. This
number tells you how many times the empirical formula is
repeated to make the molecular formula.
Calculating Molecular Formula From
Empirical Formula
Your Turn
C14H18O2
25
Calculating Molecular Formula & Empirical
Formula
A mixture of cyclopropane gas and oxygen is used in
an anaesthetic. Cyclopropane contains 85.7% C, and
14.3% H by mass. The molecular mass is 42.0 g/mol.
What is the empirical and molecular formula of the
cyclopropane?
=1C Empirical
CH2
=2H
Calculating Molecular Formula & Empirical
Formula
A mixture of cyclopropane gas and oxygen is used in an anaesthetic.
Cyclopropane contains 85.7% C, and 14.3% H by mass. The molecular
mass is about 42.0 g/mol. What is the empirical and molecular
formula of the cyclopropane?
Empirical Molecular
C9H13O3N C9H13O3N
28