Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s

SARDAR PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Seminar Presentation on

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and

Mechanical Properties of Steel

Presented By
Rohit G. Kamble.
M1853016
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Megha Janbandhu

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 Outline.
• Introduction.
• Literature Survey.
• Case Study.
• Conclusion.
• Reference.

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 Introduction
Heat treatment of steel is a process includes any heating
and cooling operations applied to any material in order to
modify its internal structure or to alter its physical,
mechanical or chemical properties.
Heat treatment is carried out by heating to some specific
temperature, holding at that temperature for a definite
period and cooling to room temperature or below room
temperature with a define rate.
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 Literature Survey
Author & yr. of Publication Name of the Article
Salwomir Parzych, The effect of heat treatment on
Cracow university of technology, microstructure and mechanical
Poland. properties of cast bainitic steel
(2017) used for frogs in railway
crossover.
Hasan MF, Analysis of mechanical
Khulna university of technology, behavior and microstructural
Khulna. (2016) characteristics change of ASTM
A-36 steel applying various
heat treatment.
R. Kumar, R.K. Behera, S. Sen. Effect of tempering temperature
(2015) and time on strength and
hardness of ductile cast iron.
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Result
The material hardness is increases after normalizing. This
increase in hardness is because of small amount of
marteniste formation of grain boundary with former
austenite, also its increase in tensile yield strength and
percentage elongation. But in tempering hardness is
decrease along with UTS, but its impact strength increases.
The value of tensile strength was observed to be in order:
hardened > normalized > tempered >untreated <annealed.
Also tempered steel had greater hardness as compare to
untreated and annealed steel but lower than the hardened
and normalized steel , also yield strength of tempered steel
is high as compare to untreated and normalized steel.
By increase tempering time martensite content reduced
resulting in increase of ductility and reduction of ultimate
tensile strength and yield strength, also impact energy is
increases. Longer duration of tempering period at 200°C &
400°C increases the elongation percentage for tempering
period up to 120 min. and ductility increases. 4
 Literature Survey
Author & yr. of Publication
Trirantna Shrestha, Sultan Alsagabi,
Indrajit Charit, Gabriel Potirniche,
Michael Glazoff.
(2015)
O.O. Joseph, R.O. Leramo, O.S.
Ojudun. (2014)
Sanghoon Noh,
Byoung-kwon choi, Chang-Hee
Han, Suk hoon kang, Jinsung Jang,
Yong-hwan Jeong, Tae kyu kim.
(2013)
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Name of the Article
Effect of heat treatment on
microstructure and
hardness of Grade 91 Steel.
Effect of heat treatment on
microstructural properties
of SAE 1025 steel.
Effect of heat treatment on
microstructure and
mechanical properties of
dual phase ODS steel for
high temperature strength.
Result
Grade 91steel (modified 9Cr-1 Mo steel) is considered a
prospective material for the next generation nuclear plant for
application in reactor vessel at high temperature. The hardness of
steel decreased with increasing normalizing and tempering
temperature time. The hardness was attributed to increases in the
grain size, martensite lath size, and dislocation density and
precipitate coarsening.
A higher tensile strength was obtained for the annealed samples
than for the control, normalized and age-Hardening samples.
Microstructure of better quality is obtain in normalizing as
compare to age hardening.
Furnace cooled ODS steel shows large ferritic grains formed by
slow cooling rate, and its oxide particle distribution is
significantly finer and denser than NT and HR-T heat treatment.
HR-T showas highest tensile strength as compare to FC at room
temperature.
5
 Literature Survey
Author & yr. of publication
D.A. Fadare, T.G. Fadara, O.Y.
Akanbi.(2011)
Min shan htun,
Kay thin lwin. (2008)
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Name of the Article
Effect of heat treatment on
mechanical properties and
microstructure of NST 37-2
steel.
Effect of heat treatment on
microstructure and mechanical
properties of spring steel.
Result
It was found that the annealed samples with mainly ferrite
structure gave lowest tensile strength and hardness value and
highest ductility and toughness value while hardened sample
which contained martensite gave the highest tensile strength and
hardness value and lowest ductility and toughness value.
In this research work microstructural examination, hardness,
tensile and fatigue tests were done before and after tempering
condition and room temp., results showed that increasing the
tempering time and temperature hardness and UTS are decreased
and ductility was improved. From strctural point of view more
retaine austenite are formed in oil quenching than that of water.
6
 Case Study on Spring Steel
Heat Treatment Cycle for Spring Steel
 Now a days oil quenched and
tempered springs are widely
used for heavy duty application.
 Major requirement of spring
steel is high yield strength, high
proportional limit, and fatigue
strength.
 Steel spring are used in hard,
and high strength condition. To
attain these properties springs
are hardened and tempered.
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 Case Study
Effect of Tempering Time on The Hardness of Steel
Effect on tempering time on hardness.
55
• Hardness of steel can be check
50
Hardness(HRC)

180min
120min.
by Rockwell Hardness tester.
45
60min. • These test are carried out on all
40
45min. heat treatment condition and at
35 30min. room temperature.
15min.
30
350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Temperature(°C)

Effect on tempering time on hardness. [8]

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 Yield Strength& %Elongation of Tempered Steel
Yield Strength of tempered
%Elongation Of Tempered Steel [8]
steel 14
1hr
1hr
1600

%Elongation
Yield Strength N/mm²

2hr 2hr
1400 10
3hr 3hr
1200

1000 6
800

600 2
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Temperature(°C) Temperature(°C)

Variation of yield strength of tempered Variation of Percent elongation of tempered

steel with time and temperature.[8] steel with time and temperature. [8]
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 Case Study
Ultimate Strength & Endurance limit of tempered steel
Ultimate Strength of Tempered steel [8] Endurance limit of Tempered Steel.[8]
Ultimate Strength N/mm²

1000
2100
800

Stress N/mm²
1hr
1hr
1600
2hr 2hr
600
1100 3hr 3hr

400
600 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 Temperature(°C)
Temperature(°C)

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 Case Study.
Change In Microstructure.

Microstructure of Selective Microstructure of Same Oil Quench and Tempered at

steel for Oil Quench.[8] Steel for Water Quench.[8] 400°C for 1 hr.[8]
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 Case Study
Change In Microstructure.

Oil Quench and Oil Quench and Oil Quench and

Tempered at 450°C for 1 Tempered at 500°C for 1 Tempered at 550°C for 1
hr. [8]
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 Case Study
Change In Microstructure

Oil Quench and

Oil Quench and Tempered Oil Quench and Tempered
Tempered at 500°C for 2
at 400°C for 2 hr. [8] at 450°C for 2 hr. [8]
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 Case Study
Change In Microstructure

Oil Quench and Oil Quench and Oil Quench and

Tempered at 550°C for 2 Tempered at 400°C for 3 Tempered at 450°C for 3
hr.11/12/2019
[8] hr. [8] hr. [8] 14
Case Study
Change In Microstructure

Oil Quench and Tempered Oil Quench and Tempered

at 500°C for 3 hr. [8] at 550°C for 3 hr. [8]
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Conclusion

• Spring is produce on 450°C at 1hr. Tempering.

• Peak point of the yield strength has been confirmed
at tempering temperature 450°C.
• Maximum fatigue life is observed at 400°C to 450°C.
• Gradual decrease in hardness & ultimate tensile
strength.
• Percentage elongation is increases.
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 Reference.
1. Parzych, salwomir. "The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast bainitic steel
used for frogs in railway crossovers." 2017: 2147-2151.
2. MF, Hasan. "Analysis of mechanical behavior and microstructural characteristics change of ASTM A-36 steel
applying various heat treatment." Journal of material science & engineering, 2016: 6.
3. R. Kumar, R.K. Behera, S.Sen. "Effect of tempering temperature and time on strength and hardness of ductile cast
iron." IOP conference series: Material science and engineering, 2015: 10.
4. Triratna Shrestha, Sultan F. Alsgabi, Indrajit Charit, Gabriel P. Potrniche, Michael V. Glazoff. "Effect of heat
treatment on Microstructure and hardness of grade91 steel." MDPI open acscess, 2015: 131-149.
5. O.O. Joseph, R.O. Leramo, O.S. Ojudun. "Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of
SAE 2015 Steel." Journal Of Meechanical Engineering & Sciences, 2014: 101-106.
6. Sanghoon Noh, Byoung-Kwon choi, Chang-Hee Han, Suk Hoon Kang, Jinsung Jang, Yong-hwan jeong Tae Kyu
kim. "Effect of heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase ODS steel for high
temperature strength." Nuclear Enginnering & Technology, vol.45 no.6, November 2013: 821-826.
7. D.A. Fadare, T.G. Fadara, O.Y. Akanbi. "Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of
steel." Journal of minerals & materials characterization & Engoneering, vol.10 No.3, 2011: 299-308.
8. Min shan Htun, Kay Thi Lwin. "Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of spring
steel." Journal of metals, Materials and minerlas, Vol.18 No.2, 2008: 191-197.
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 Thank you.

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