Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Insvestigatory
Project
Topic :- Typhoid
NAME :-
MOKSH.S.SOLANKI
CLASS :- 12 TH DIV :- B
ROLL NO. :- 25
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
WHAT IS TYPHOID ?
FROM WHERE IT IS CAUSE ?
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
DIGNOSIS
PREVENTIONS
REFRENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly indebted to my Biology Teacher
Widal test is a serological test which is used for the diagnosis of enteric fever or typhoid fever.
The test was developed by Greembaum and Widal in 1896. Typhoid or enteric fever is caused by a
gram negative bacteria Salmonella enterica (Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi), found in
the intestine of man. Salmonella paratyphi also causes Typhoid but of a milder form.
Clean the glass slide or test card supplied in the kit well and make it dry.
Label the circles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) in the test card as O, H, AH, BH, Negative control and
Positive control
Place a drop of undiluted test serum in each of the four labelled circle (1, 2, 3 and 4) ie O,
H, AH and BH and place a drop of Negative control serum in circle 5 and Positive control in
circle 6.
Mix the content of each circle with a separate wooden applicator stick and spread to fill the
whole area of the individual circle.
Rock the test card for a minute and observe for agglutination.
… .
PRVENTION :-
Receiving a typhoid fever vaccination. Currently, two
vaccines are available to help prevent the spread of
typhoid fever. Talk with your doctor about getting
vaccinated.
Avoiding food that is raw or undercooked
Drinking only bottled water or water that has been boiled
Thoroughly washing your hands each time before eating
Avoiding raw fruits and vegetables that cannot be peeled.
Avoiding eating foods and beverages purchased from
street vendors.
REFRENCES :-
www.google.com
www.typhoid.com
www.wikipedia.org
NCERT CLASS 12TH BIOLOGY BOOK