 This command enables the multiplexing protocol

control channel as defined in GSM07.10

 The AT command sets parameters for the Control
Channel.
 If parameters are left out the default values are
used.
 If no autobauding is supported, a customer related
interface speed is pre selected.
 The final response code OK or CME ERROR: <err>
is returned using the old interface speed.
 The parameters become active only after sending
OK.
 In general it means either the automatic
adjustment of modem-to-modem speed or
of modem-to-serial port speed.
 Set Command enables the multiplexing
protocol control channel.
 Read Command returns the current mode
and the settings.
 Test command returns the list of supported
values for the parameters.
Syntax of the Command
Command syntax:
AT+CMUX=<mode>[,<subset>[,<port_speed>[
,<N1>[,<T1>[,<N2>[,<T2>[,<T3>[,<k>
]]]]]]]
 After UE powers on, it scans the carrier frequencies for UMTS.
 If it is dual mode (supporting both GSM and UMTS radio
interface), it may have to look for GSM carrier frequencies too .
 The carrier frequencies are programmed in UE or UE may use
earlier camped frequencies .
 The initial UE process of choosing strongest cell (frequency) is
known as "camping on a cell.
 While scanning UMTS carrier frequencies, UE looks for known
sequences transmitted over P-SCH (Primary Synchronization
Channel) .
 The sequences are same for all cells .
 P-SCH is divided by Node B in slots (15 slots in 10 ms frame as
shown below). UE performs "correlations" between received
signals and known P-SCH sequence .
 Highest correlation or strongest correlation peak is
chosen.
 This also gives slot synchronization. Note that the
process may need to repeated for near perfect
synchronization.
 Though slot is being determined by P-SCH, frame
beginning is not known.
 S-SCH helps in frame synchronization .
 S-SCH which is in-sync with P-SCH uses same slot
structure, but it sends 15 codes over a 10 ms
frame, each in one slot as shown in diagram above.
 UE now has to perform correlations between
received signal and 16 possible (known) S-SCH
codes .
By this correlations, UE should be able to get the
right sequence (i.e. Cs0, Cs1, ..., Cs14) and
thereby achieving frame synchronization.
 This particular sequence will belong to one of 64
possible scrambling code groups.
 So at the end of S-SCH procedure UE knows the
scrambling code group to which cell belong.
 Note that UMTS uses long scrambling codes in
downlink.
 Though for 10 ms frame structure (with 3.84
Mcps chip rate) 218 - 1 codes are possible,
8,192 codes are used. Of 8,192 codes.
 512 are taken as primary scrambling codes
(and rest secondary). From 512 primary
scrambling codes, 64 groups are formed with 8
codes each .
 S-SCH tell UE to which scrambling code group
cell below .
 Next step is to know the exact scrambling code
from 8 possible codes
 Here P-CPICH (Primary-Common PIlot Channel) is useful.
 P-CPISCH transmits predefined bit sequence using known
channelization (orthogonal) code of 256 length.
 By doing 256 chip length correlations, UE can narrow down
to correct downlink scrambling code .

 So above steps have given us downlink scrambling code

which makes possible for UE to look for P-CCPCH (Primary-
Common Control Physical Channel).
 Similar to P-CPICH, channelization code for P-CCPCH is
fixed (known).
 Cell specific radio information (known as system
information) is broadcast over P-CCPCH.
 UMTS uses SFN (System Frame Number) to identify the
frame.
 UE can now start reading this information .
 If you look inside UE, cell search is RRC/PHY procedure.
 With this procedure, RRC/PHY finds available PLMNs and
report it to layers above .
 Decision of choosing the PLMN is done by NAS layer (MM
sub layer). MM itself may use PLMN information available
in USIM (or SIM) to decide.
 After the decision from NAS, RRC/PHY choose the best
cell (based on cell selection criteria) in PLMN selected
by NAS .
 UE now has to register to the network.
 Note that even though initial cell selection is done, PHY
layer has to regularly look for better cell (radio
conditions change as user moves from one place to
another). This procedure is known as "cell re-selection"
procedure and needless to say, it is similar to cell
selection procedure.
 Initial Cell Search(choosing a strongest cell known as
camping on a cell)
 RRC/PHY finds available PLMNs and report it to layers
above.
 Decision of choosing the PLMN is done by NAS layer (MM
sub layer).
 MM itself may use PLMN information available in USIM (or
SIM) to decide.
 After the decision from NAS, RRC/PHY choose the best cell
(based on cell selection criteria) in PLMN selected by NAS .
 Register to the network(initial cell selection).
 PHY layer has to regularly look for better
cell (radio conditions change as user moves
from one place to another).
 Cell Reselection takes place.