SOCIAL SELF

Relating Harmoniously
and Properly with
Everyone
Intended learning Objectives
 Explain the basic concepts of social relationships
 Discuss how relationships with others could be
enhanced and improved by applying the ideas on
social relationships
 Identify and evaluate critical factors for meaningful
social relationships
 Differentiate behaviors that make for acceptable
social relationships from those behaviors that are not
acceptable
 Analyze your behaviors to achieve harmonious
relationships with others.
 No man is an island
No man stands alone
Each man’s joy is joy to me
Each man’s grief is my own
We need one another,
So I will defend
Each man as my brother
Each one as my friend

I saw the people gather

I heard the music start
The song that they were singing
Is ringing in my heart
MOST PEOPLE PREFER GROUP
MEMBERSHIP TO ISOLATION,
BUT ONCE THEY JOIN WITH
OTHERS THEY FIND THEY MUST
SOMETIMES DO WHAT IS BEST
FOR THE GROUP RATHER THAN
WHAT BENEFITS THEN
PERSONALLY.
 SOCIAL SELF
SOCIAL SELF
is multifaceted analysis of the self
concept based on the social nature of the
self. The emphasis is on self-esteem along
with self-centrality, self-complexity, social
interest, identification, power, marginality,
openness, and majority identification.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Social psychology is a branch of psychology that
studies individuals as they interact with others.
 It is a broad field whose goal is to understand and
explain how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and
behaviors are influenced by the presence of, or
interactions with others. (Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian,
2007)
 Study of the effect of social factors on individual
behavior, attitudes, perceptions, and motives. It is a
study of group and intergroup phenomena. (Gerrig
and Zimbardo, 2002)
INTERACTION and RELATIONSHIP
INTERACTION
refers to the mutual and reciprocal exchange of
communication or action between two or more persons
or groups.
RELATIONSHIP
refers to a particular way in which two or more
individuals, groups, or even countries talk to, behave
toward, or deal with each other. There is an established
connection, kinship, or attachment between persons or
groups attributable to several factors – interests,
philosophy of life, goals, or ways of thinking – that bind
them together.
PERSON PERCEPTION
PERSON PERCEPTION refers to forming impressions
and making judgments about another person’s
likability after seeing or meeting him/her. The
assessment involves as well what kind of person is,
including his/her intentions, traits, and behaviors
(Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian, 2014).

E.g., A person who rarely smiles may be sought of

as arrogant or unfriendly,
SOCIAL NORMS
NORMS
are patterns or traits characterized as typical or
usual for a group.
 An individual’s mathematics score may be
considered above the norm if it is more than the
average score or below the norm if it is less than
the average.
 Many years ago, mothers stay at home to acre for
their children; women wear only dresses and skirts
in attending church services, etc.
SOCIAL NORMS
SOCIAL NORMS
refer to spoken and unspoken rules for
behaving in particular situations.(e.g., Covering
one’s mouth when sneezing or coughing). Most
people conform to the social norms of the
culture in which they exist
FROM ISOLATION TO INCLUSION
The need to belong refers to the idea that
humans have a fundamental motivation to
be accepted into relation-ships with others
and to be a part of social groups.
The fact that belongingness is a need
means that human beings must establish
and maintain a minimum quantity of
enduring relationships
FROM ISOLATION TO INCLUSION
The fact that belongingness is a need
means that human beings must establish
and maintain a minimum quantity of
enduring relationships
THE NEED TO BELONG
 THE NEED TO BELONG
 The dispositional tendency to seek out and
join with other humans.
Spending time alone, away from others, can
be a rejuvenating, pleasurable experience.
People, when surveyed about their reactions
to isolation, report enjoying the self-discovery,
contemplation, and increased spirituality that
occurs when is physically isolated from
interactions with and observations by others.
 Together as a Group
In social situations where people work and do
things together for a purpose, two things may
happen.
1. SOCIAL FACILITATION – the
performance of each individual member of the
group is improved.
2. SOCIAL LOAFING – working or being
with a group may also reduce individual effort.
SOCIAL FACILITATION
SOCIAL FACILITATION
 Refers to the finding that people sometimes
performs better on tasks when others are
around.
 Is defined as improvement in individual
performance when working with other people
rather than alone.
 STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
STAGE MAJOR PROCESSES
FORMING: Orientation Members become familiar
with each other and the
group
STORMING: Conflict Disagreement over
procedures
NORMING: Structure Growth of cohesiveness and
unity, establishment of roles
WORK: Performing Goal achievement
ADJOURNING: Dissolution Termination of roles;
completion of tasks; reduction withdrawal; increased
of dependency
CHARACTERISTICS
Communications are tentative,
polite, concern for ambiguity
Criticisms of ideas, poor
attendance
Agreement on procedures,
increased “we-feeling”
Decision making; problem
solving; mutual cooperation
Disintegration and
independence and
emotionality, regret
 FROM PERSONAL IDENTITY TO
SOCIAL IDENTITY

SOCIAL IDENTITY
THEORY
A theoretical analysis of group process and
intergroup relations that assumes groups
influence their members’ self-concepts and
self-esteem, particularly when individuals
categorize themselves as group members
and identify with the group.
SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY
SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION
- the perceptual classification of people,
including the self, into categories.
SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION
- accepting the group as an extension of
the self, and therefore basing one’s self
definition on the group’s qualities and
characteristics
 CONFORMITY
CONFORMITY
refers to yielding to group pressure to act
as everyone does, even when no direct request
has been made (Lahey, 2009). It is the tendency
to behave like others in the group do.
It is brought about by 2 motivations:
1. To gain reward (approval) or avoid
punishment (disapproval)
2. To gain information
 Factors that make conformity exists
in a group:
1. SIZE OF THE GROUP People = Conformity
2. UNANIMOUS GROUPS Conformity is when
individual faces a group in which all members feel
the same way about a topic, a problem, or an issue.
3. CULTURE Individualistic .. Collectivistic
degree of conformity = or faster task accomplishment
4. GENDER
In the past, female were more likely to conform
than males, but research as shown it is no longer the
case.
SOCIAL ROLES & SOCIAL NORMS
SOCIAL ROLES
specify the part or position of a person in
a society. It also specifies behavior expected to
be exhibited by an individual in practicing
his/her role.
Example: A father may play a role of a parent,
a spouse, a middle-aged man, a person of
Filipino ancestry, a brother, a son, a mathematics
professor, and the like.
SOCIOMETRY
A research technique developed by Jacob Moreno that
graphically and mathematically summarizes patterns of
intermember relations.
SOCIOGRAM
A graphic representation of the patterns of intermember
relations created thru sociometry. In most cases, each
member of the group is depicted by a symbol, such as
lettered circle or square, and the types of relations among
members (e.g., communication links, friendship pairings) are
depicted with capped lines.
 CORE CONCEPT DEFINITION and SOURCE
Attraction among the members of The cohesiveness of small groups is defined in terms of
the group intermember attraction…
Attraction of the members to the Cohesiveness refers to attraction of members to a group as a
group as a whole whole…

Belonging and morale Perceived cohesion encompasses an individual’s sense of

belonging to a particular group and his or her feelings of
morale associated with membership in the group

Strength of the social forces that Cohesiveness of a group is here deemed as a the remain in
keep an individual from leaving the group.ult of all the forces acting on the members
a group

Tendency to stick together Cohesion is now generally described as a group member’s

(cohere) inclination to forge social bonds, resulting in members sticking
together and remaining united.

Trust and teamwork The essence of strong primary group cohesion is trust among
group members together with the capacity for teamwork.
 Nature and Depth of Relationships
FAMILIARITY
refers to being comfortable with another
person and is a necessary condition for a close
relationship to develop. Research shows that
people like to associate with others who are
similar to them in terms of the following:
attitudes, behavior patterns, personal
characteristics, taste in fashion or clothes,
intelligence, personality, and the like.
 Nature and Depth of Relationships
ATTRACTION
may lead to deeper relationships. One person
may be drawn or attracted to another due to
reasons like similarities or differences in
interests, personality characteristics, life goals,
and life styles, etc. It paves the way for
enjoying the company and being comfortable
with other person, and for feelings of ease and
confidence.
 Nature and Depth of Relationships
LOVE
is a special attachment one has for
himself/herself or for somebody else. It is an
intense feeling of deep or constant affection
and emotion in which a person always sees the
good, happiness, and welfare of the other. The
person is willing to sacrifice for the good of the
object of his/her love. It can manifest as love
for God, spouse, ,children, family, or country,
among others.
 3 Most Common Types of LOVE
 ROMANTIC LOVE. Also called as PASSIONATE LOVE. It
includes an intermingling of different emotions: fear, anger,
sexual, joy, jealousy, etc. It is one major reasons fro getting
married.
 AFFECTIONATE LOVE. Also called as COMPANIONATE
LOVE. It is the type of love that occurs when someone has
deep and caring affection for a person and desires to
have him/her constantly.
 CONSUMMATE LOVE. It is the strongest and fullest
type of love (Stenberg, 1985). This ideal form of love
involves passion, intimacy, and commitment.
The Triangular Theory of LOVE
3 COMPONENTS OF LOVE
 PASSION Has something to do with physical and
sexual attraction to another.
 INTIMACY Characterized by the emotional
feelings of warmth, closeness and sharing of the
relationship.
 COMMITMENT Is the cognitive appraisal of the
relationship and intent to maintain it even in the
face of problems.
 Stenberg’s Triangular Theory of LOVE
LIKING
Intimacy

ROMANTIC LOVE
COMPANIONATE
Passion + intimacy
Intimacy + Commitment

CONSUMMATE LOVE
Intimacy + passion +
commitment
EMPTY LOVE
INFATUATION
Commitment
Passion
Passion + Commitment
Some interpretations are as follows:

 If passion is the only ingredient present,. The

feeling is infatuation, as in a fling or an affair
 Intimacy and commitment without passion show

affectionate love
 The combination of passion and commitment

without intimacy results in FATUOUS LOVE.

 Consummate love is achieved if all 3
components are present
Every person is capable of loving.
Without love, people become
lonely and social relationships
suffer. There are many ways of
showing love, and they could vary
in form and in depth. People who
freely share and give love, and are
loved in return, are happy people.
 ATTITUDES
ATTITUDES
are beliefs that predispose people to act and feel in
certain ways towards people, objects, or ideas. They
can either be positive or negative.
POSITIVE ATTITUDE is reflected in a happy, pleasant,
optimistic disposition.
NEGATIVE ATTITUDE is associated with pessimism or
general feeling of dislike.
3 distinct feelings of attitude are: beliefs,
feelings, disposition
 ATTITUDES
HOW ATTITUDES ORIGINATE
Generally attitudes of a person develop
overtime and have emotional components.
However, they are normally acquired from 2
sources:
 FIRST-HAND EXPERIENCES
 ACCOUNTS BY OTHERS
 STEREOTYPES
STEREOTYPES
are generalizations in which the same traits or
characteristics are assumed to be possessed by all
members of a group.
PREJUDICE
is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude or opinion
towards the members of a group.
Example: Overweight women are not as intelligent as
women of normal weight.
 STEREOTYPES
DISCRIMINATION
is the specific unfair behavior or treatment towards
the members of a group.
Example: An employer refusing to hire women
because of their gender.
RACISM is the discrimination against people based on
their skin color or ethnic heritage.
SEXISM is the discrimination against people becaue
of their gender.