Key Questions:
1. What is research?
2. What is the difference between
qualitative & quantitative
research?
3. How is research conducted?
Key Understanding:
Research is a systematic process
of solving a problem or finding
answers to an inquiry.
Qualitative Research – is simply
exploratory research. It is used
to gain an understanding of
underlying reasons, opinions, and
motivations. It provides insights
into the problem or helps to
develop ideas or hypotheses.
Quantitative Research – is used
to quantify the problems by way
of generating numerical data or
data that can be transformed into
usable statistics. It is used to
quantify attitudes, opinions,
behaviours and other defined
variables – and generalize results
from a larger sample population.
RESEARCH IS A SYSTEMATIC
INVESTIGATION OF INFORMATION.

SEEK FOR TRUTH, INFORMATION OR

KNOWLEDGE.

INQUIRY BASED.

EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE.

 Prefix “Again”

“To look for

something”

“To look for something again.”

IN SUMMARY, RESEARCH IS AN ORGANIZED METHOD OF
FINDING NOVEL OR RELATIVELY NEW IDEAS FROM
EXISTING BODY OF KNOWLEDGE WITH THE HELP OF
USEFUL TOOLS FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING THE
QUALITY OF LIFE.

BY USING THESE IDEAS RESULTING FROM RESEARCH,

MOST OF THE SOCIETY’S MAJOR PROBLEMS ARE
RESOLVED, NEEDS ARE SATISFIED, AND DEMANDS ARE
MET.

THESE NEW IDEAS ALSO PAVED WAYS IN CREATING

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR A MORE COMFORTABLE
AND CONVENIENT LIFE.
1. VERIFICATION OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE
Verifying or proving the veracity of existing
theories or knowledge. This may lead to
development of new ideas, strengthening a
current knowledge, or debunking a theory.
2. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
Research brings forth new ideas regarding a
theory or even create a totally new theory.
3. APPLICATION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
Once new ideas or innovations are proven true,
they are then utilized and translated to something
useful to humankind. It is only through utilizing
the results of research that one can truly fulfill the
ultimate purpose of research, that is, to alleviate
people’s quality of life.

4. ADVANCEMENT OF RESEARCHER’S
EXPERTISE
RESEARCH HOLDS THE FOLLOWING
SIGNIFICANT DATA:

1.To gather necessary information.

2.To make changes.
3.To improve standard of living.
4.For a safer life.
5.To know the truth.
6.To explore our history.
7.To understand arts.
Research is also known as Exploratory
investigation. It seeks to find more information
about a topic and a broader perspective or
additional knowledge to what is currently known.

Descriptive Research, to give additional

information on newly discovered ideas that are
results of exploration.
Explanatory research, looking at how things are
connected and how they interact .
It aims to explain relationships existing between
variables, quantitatively or qualitatively.
Research is a realistic undertaking that must result to empirical
data. Empirical data are those derived from actual observations
of a phenomenon, interviews of people who have witnessed an
incident, analysis of first-hand documents sources, excavation
of artifacts and other actions that yield valid evidences of one’s
investigations.
Research follows valid, definite principles, frameworks and
procedures. There are proper logical and ethical approaches to
search for answers to a specific research question. Failure to
follow these procedures correctly may yield invalid and
unreliable outcomes.
Research is cyclical. It starts with a problem and
ends with another. As soon as a research question is
answered, other questions may arise. This process
continues until such time that a purified body of
knowledge is attained.
After employing strictly and correctly the predetermined
procedure and gathering empirical data, the latter must be
analyzed to elicit the desired meaning from the obtained
information. It is only through this process that research results
become relevant not only to the people who participated in the
investigation but also to those who share similar characteristics.
Proper analysis of the data should be done before making final
conclusions.
Objectivity is defined as the lack of bias or prejudice.
Analysis and interpretation of data, and drawing out
implications from research data must be free from
bias and alterations to favor a certain hyphothesis,a
personality, or an organization.
The research is said to be critical when the researcher is careful
and precise in processing ideas and judgements.

Research procedures must be written clearly and

chronologically for it to be replicable, such that other
researchers can redo or repeat the investigation with the intent
of verifying the generated information.
Qualitative Quantitative
subjective Objective
What? Why? How many?
Relationship? Difference?
Literature may be done as Literature review may be
the study progresses done before the study.
Develops theory Tests theory
Interpretative Measurable
Reports rich narrative, Reports statistical
individual interpretation. analysis, Basic element of
Basic element of analysis analysis is numbers.
is words/ideas.
Researcher is a part of Researcher is separate.
progress.
Participants Subjects
Context dependent Context free
Reasoning is dialectic and Reasoning is logistic and
inductive deductive.
Describes meaning, Establishes relationships
discovery and causation.
Example?

Inside the classroom, the teachers made a remark, “ you

got 75 passing mark!” The teacher also commented that
“you classmate seems uninterested to study the lesson”

Question: What are the two observations you have

notice in this situation?
The Role of Research

 It is a inquiry processes.
 It is a formal process of problem solving.
 It is a set of procedures and stages.
 It originates with a question or a problem.
 It is an iterative process.

 Also, provides solid foundation for the discovery and creation

of knowledge and theory- building.
 Testing, confirmation, revision, and refutation of knowledge
as a theory.
 Advance a discipline or field.
 Advancement and improvements in various aspects of life.
 Promotion and tenure of individuals.
Ethics and Research

FUNCTIONS:
1. Norms promote the aims of research such as
knowledge, truth and evidence of error.
2. Ethical Standards promote the values that are essential
to the collaborative work such as trust, accountability,
mutual respect and fairness.
3. Ethical norms ensures that researchers can be held
accountable to the public.
4. Ethical Norms in research, is research that helps build
public support quality and integrity of research.
SOME ETHICAL PRINCIPLES:

 HONESTY
 OBJECTIVITY
 INTEGRITY
 CAREFULNESS
 OPENNESS
 RESPECT OR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
 CONFIDENTIALITY
 RESPECT FOR PUBLICATION
 RESPECT FOR COLLEAGUES
 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
 NON-DISCRIMINATION
 COMPETENCE
 LEGALITY, ANIMAL CARE, HUMAN SUBJECT PROTECTION
THE RESEARCH PROCESS

DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM>

REVIEW THE LITERATURE>
FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS> DESIGN
RESEARCH> COLLECT DATA>
ANALYZE DATA> INTERPRET &
REPORT
READY FOR
THE
GROUPINGS?