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PLANNING
Planning
Is the process of setting goals,
selecting alternatives courses of
action to achieve those goals,
implementing the chosen alternative
and evaluating the choice to find out
if is successful.
Planning is the key
to the success of
any activity.
Tourism Planning Approaches and
Techniques
SYSTEM APPROACH
- requires that adequate
information about the system
is available to understand and
analyze this data.
Comprehensive Approach
Allaspects of tourism
development are
analyzed and planned on
a broad scope.
Integrated Approach
Tourism is planned and developed
as an integrated system within
itself and integrated into the
overall plan and development
pattern of the area.
Environmental and Sustainable
Approach
Tourism planned, developed and
managed in such a way that the
natural and cultural resources are
not used up so that they are
available for continuous and
permanent use in the future.
Community Approach
Planning is for the residents of the
area. The local residents should be
given the opportunity to
participate in the planning of their
community’s future development
and express their opinion on the
type of community they want to
live.
Implementable Approach
Tourismplan, policies
and recommendations are
expressed in a practical
and achievable manner.
Systematic Approach
Tourism planning is
based on an orderly
arrangement of
activities.
LEVELS OF
TOURISM
PLANNING
International Planning
Thislevel of planning involves international
transportation services, the movement and
scheduling of the tours of tourists among
different countries, the development of major
tourist attractions and facilities in neighboring
countries as well as the working strategies and
promotional programs of many countries.
National Planning
The national level of tourism planning is concerned
with the following components:
1. Tourism Policy
2. Infrastructure facilities
3. Aphysical structure plan which includes important
tourist attractions, selected tourism development
regions, international entry points, facilities, and
services.
4. The amount, kinds, and quality of
accommodation and other required
tourist facilities and services.
5. The important tour routes in the
country and their regional
connections.
6. Tourism organizational entities,
laws, and investment policies.
7. Tourism marketing strategies and
promotion
8. Education and training programs
9. Design standards and facility
development
10. Environmental, economic, and socio-
cultural analyzes
11. National level implementation methods
including the short-term development plan
and project scheduling.
Regional Planning
Is for one region of a
country, usually a
state or province or an
island.
Regional planning emphasizes
the following elements:
Regional Policy
Regional entry points and
transportation facilities and services
Kinds of tourist attractions and their
locations
Regional planning emphasizes
the following elements:
Location of tourist development areas
including resort areas
Socio-cultural, environmental,
economic, and impact analyses
Education and training programs on
the regional level.
Marketing techniques and promotions
Regional planning emphasizes
the following elements:
Organizational establishments,
laws, regulations, and regional
policies.
Implementation methods which
include project plans and regional
zoning regulations
Types of Tourism Planning
Land used planning
Facility site planning
Facility design
Special studies
10 step project structure for tourism
planning and development
1. acquire understanding
- The first step in tourism planning is
education. Persons who will make the
most significant decision must acquire
the understanding necessary to
portray framework for their decisions.
2. Preliminary Position
statement
- This would show the
objectives they would like
to obtain and result they
wish to achieve.
3. Commitment for Tourism
Study
- There should be an
intensive study which
establishes feasibility and
serves as a basis for actual
development.
4. Market and resources
analysis
This activity gathers and
correlates data on the overall
size of the destination or
prospective market and the
share that market is expected
to gain.
5. Conceptual planning
This involves a general
description of what the area
should look like and how it
will function after
development has taken
place.
6. Plan approval
This is a recognition of the necessity
of the plan. After a through review of
the conceptual plan,the responsible
decision makers should make a
decision on whether the tourism
planning process should proceed to
the master plan.
7. Master Planning
Involves expenses of time and
money which are 5 to 10 times
more expensive than the previous
activities. The reason for this is
because of the nature of
cooperation required between the
private and public sectors.
8. Final Commitment
Finalcommitment
must be unchangeable
to void unfavorable
results.
9. Staged Implementation
Program
Continous planning is needed
because tourism and its
elements tend to be
dynamic.
10. Evaluation and Direction
Established operations
must be monitored to
assure continuing quality
of services and operating
success.
Major Elements in
Planning a
Tourism
Destination
1. Market Analysis
Requires a through study of past
and present trends, traveler
profiles, traveler performances
and habits, market position, and
destination images.
2. Assessment of Available
Resources
a. Visitor attractions
b. Culture
c. Manpower
d. Infrastracture and superstructure
e. Transportation
f. Support services
g. accomodation
3. Marketing
The process of selecting a
target, choosing strategies to
reach the market, establishing
objectives, coordinating the
efforts of those involved in
promoting the destination and
evaluating success and failures.
4. Economic and financial
analysis
Itinvolves a careful analysis of
economic conditions and financial
requirements such as feasibility
studies, cash flow, available capital
and interest rates.
5. Environment
The aim of tourism planning is to
develop the natural resources of
the area without destroying them
and to improve the natural beauty
of the area.
6. Social Impact
Developers of a tourist
destination should consider
the effect of tourism growth
on the local population.