Presentation on

Electrical Measurement and

Instrumentation
Presented By
Salma Akter
BKH1717032F
 Presentation On
Indicating Instruments
 Overview
 Introduction of Indicating Instruments
 Essential requirements of Indicating Instrument
 Types of Indicating Instrument
 PMMC(Permanent magnet moving coil)
 MI(Moving iron Instrument)
 Types of MI instrument
 Basic comparison between moving coil and moving
iron instruments
 Introduction
Indicating instruments indicate the value of the electrical
quantity to be measured generally by the deflection of the
pointer which moves on the calibrated scale. Examples are
ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter etc.
Essential requirements of Indicating Instrument

Deflection Controlling Damping

Torque Torque torque

 Spring Control method  Air friction damping

 Gravity control method  Eddy current damping
 Types of Indicating Instrument

PMMC(Permanent magnet moving coil)

MI (Moving iron)
PMMC(Permanent magnet moving coil)
It is the basic measuring instrument which can be used for measuring current
and voltages. They can be converted into either voltmeter and ammeter.
Parts of PMMC
 Permanent Magnet
 Controlled Springs
 Aluminum Cylindrical
Core
 Pointer
 Pivots
 Scale
 Rectangular Coil
 Working Principle
 It Works on the principle of DC motor
 When current passes through the coil, it produces flux of the core.
 Principle of the operation is based on Flemings left hand rule, that
means when a conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences
a force because of which it moves away

Flemings left hand rule

APPLICATION
 PMMC instruments can be used as dc ammeter. And its range can be
increased by using a large number of turns in parallel with the instrument.
 The range of this instrument, when used as a dc voltmeter, can be increased
by using a high resistance in series with it.
Advantages
 Uniform scale for the instrument
 Power consumption is very low
 A single instrument can be used for different current and voltage ranges
 The toque-weight ratio is high gives higher accuracy.
Disadvantages
 This instrument can be used only on DC supply
 The cost of the instrument is more than M.I. Instruments
 MI(Moving iron)
The instrument in which the moving iron is used for measuring the
flow of current or voltage is known as the moving iron instrument.

Types of MI instrument
 Repulsion (or double iron) type
 Attraction (or single-iron) type
 Repulsion (or double iron) type
 This instrument consists of two iron vanes,
one is attached to the stationary coil and
other one is attached to the movable spindle.
 Both vanes are surrounded by the stationary
coil, current to be measured is passing
thorough this coil.

Repulsion Type Moving Coil

 Attraction (or single-iron) type
The instrument in which the iron plate attracts
from the weaker field towards the stronger field
such type of instrument is known as the attraction
type instrument.
Parts of Attraction Type MI Instrument
 Pointer
 Moving Iron
 Control Weight
 Balance Weight
 Coil Winding
Advantages
 Cheap, robust and give reliable service.
 Usable in both AC and DC circuits.

Disadvantages
 Have non-linear scale.
 Cannot be calibrate with high degree of precision for dc on account of
the affect of hysteresis in the iron vanes.
 Deflection up to 240º only may be obtained with this instrument.
 This instrument will always have to be put in the vertical position if it
uses gravity control.
Basic comparison of Moving Iron and Moving coil instruments
Basis for Comparison Moving Iron Instrument Moving Coil Instrument
Definition In moving iron instrument the soft In moving coil instrument the
iron is used for moving mechanism. conductor coil is used for measuring
the current and voltage.

Working Principle Magnetism Similar to working principle of DC

Motor

Uses Both for AC and DC measurement DC Measurement

Accuracy Less More

Scale Non-uniform Uniform

Damping Air Friction Damping Eddy Current Damping

Power Consumption High Low

Controlling Torque Gravity or spring Spring

Deflection Proportional to Current Square of current

Hysteresis Loss Not occurs Occurs

Can be used as Ammeter, Voltmeter and Wattmeter Voltmeter, ammeter, galvanometer,

ohmmeter
Thank You 