Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
0
1991 1992 1993 1994
Work on the revision of ISO 14001
Continues..
60
begins and Remainder of the initial
ISO/TC 207 work programme completed
Verification to EMAS
20
begins
10
0
1995 1996 1997 1998
ISO 14000 SERIES
EA
EMS 14010 general principles EPE
14001 specification 14011 audit procedures 14031 guidelines
14012 auditor criteria
PRODUCT EVALUATION STANDARDS
Environmental Labeling
14020 Basic Principles
Environmental Aspects in 14021 Self Discipline
Product Standards 14022 Symbols
Guide 64 EAPS Guide 14023 Testing
and Verification
14024 Third Party
Documented, implemented,
maintained, and communicated to
employees.
Identify Identify
Assemble Environmental Environmental
appropriate people Aspects Impacts
Example: Environmental Aspects
Activity Aspect Potential Regulated Rating
Impact
The process also includes checking the system and acting on it. The
model is continuous because an EMS is a process of continual
improvement in which an organization is constantly reviewing and
revising the system.
2. Planning
In order to achieve environmental policy, at least, the organization
should :
•Identify the environmental aspects of its activities and specify
those which have significant impacts on the environment.
Identify legal and other requirements to which the organization
involved.
Establish objectives and targets of its activities having impacts t
environment.
Establish environmental programs for achieving its objectives
and targets.
3. Implementation
5. Management review
Employee involvement
- Getting employee involvement in designing and implementing
the EMS demonstrates the organization’s commitment to the
environment. So to build and achieve an effective EMS mgmt
should communicate the importance of:
• Conviction and commitment towards effective environmental
mgmt for organization’s survival.
• Building environmental mgmt in all aspects of orgznal oprns-
product and process development.
• Addressing environmental problems as opportunities.
Flexibility
Environmental target is a
performance requirement based on the
underlying environmental objective to be
achieved.
PURPOSE
OBJECTIVES
& TARGETS
TARGETS
Eliminate use of CFC to the extent
possible.
Zero period limit violations by the end of
the current year.
Reduce use of electricity by 10% over a
two year period.
PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
Emission/wastes per unit
production
Environmental
incidents/violations
Environmental operational cost.
STEPS TO BE TAKEN
A cross functional team of an organization set realistic objectives
and standards.
Work out the information sources that the cross functional team
will need to establish objectives and standards.
EMP
defined
Monitoring and
measurement executed
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMME
In
ost pa tere
C ngs rt st
a v i ies ed
s
M R
Op ar
a
po ket
n isk
a
rt u
ni
m ge
t ie
e
s
nt
BASELINE ASSESSMENT
ACTIVITIES
Establish the scope of your assessment.
FY DEV
T I ELO
IDEN P
•Key environmental costs and •Measures of performance
benefits to your organization that are achievable
• Any other key concerns to your
• Simple indicators that are not
orgn or key interested parties
confusing when you
• Actions required to implement evaluate or communicate the
data collection information.
• How indicator information will
be used(communicating
performance to work force).
CO
IMPROVING IM NT
PR IN
OV U A
ENVIRONMENTAL EM L
EN
PERFORMANCE T
1)Management commitment
2)Choose a leader
3)Budget and schedule
4)Cross-functional team
5)Involve employees
6)Initial review
7)Establish plan
8)Identify environmental aspects
9)Establish environmental policy and
objectives
10)Procedures/documents
11)Plan for change
12)Train employees
13)ISO 14000 implementation
14)Assess performance
1. Gaining Management Commitment:
An organization must have commitment and careful
planning to figure out
1) What it needs to do,
2) How it will be done, and
3) Which people of the organization
should be involved
2.Choosing a leader:
The choice of the leader is critical.
12.Training of Employees:
Lack of resources
Lack of training
Inappropriate tools
Lack of Awareness
and techniques
Lack of incentives
Lack of skills
Lack of Guidance
Internal and external
High cost of implementation barriers
and maintenance
•
Clauses for
implementation
Structure and Responsibility (Clause 4.4.1)
Training, Awareness, and Competence
(Clause 4.4.2
Communication
(4.4.3)
EMS documentation(4.4.4)
Document control(4.4.5)
Operational control
(4.4.6)
Emergency Preparedness and Response
(Clause 4.4.7)
Successful Implementation
Stipulating the EMS policy
Planning
Implementation of the EMS according to
the policy
Checking and corrective actions
Environmental management system
review
Issues related to
implementation
although the standards provide guidance in
terms of functional requirements, they are
silent with regard to implementation methods
or organizational processes that are fraught
with human and systems change issues.
manage transitions and focus on shared
visions and behavioral norms as core
supports for the change effort.
Change is scary and the courage to forge
ahead must be summoned.
Issues.. transition
It is often useful to begin the process of
change by starting at the end; by
looking at the end result,
Link the change effort to a vision (the
core) of a desired future state;
when people share a common vision of
a desired future, they are likely more
willing and more able to make changes
that will move the business forward.
Issues ..
communication.
It is possible that new patterns of communication will
have to be adopted such that appropriate feedback
and interaction can be achieved.
Information needs to be shared and employees need
to know that sharing this information is crucial in
establishing the basis for environmental controls.
Reward and incentive programs should be evaluated
for conformity with the goals that the organization is
trying to achieve.
This "open-book" management represents a shift away
from traditional command and control and may be
distrusted by top and mid-level managers.
Issues…awareness
Records
EMS Audits
ISO Explanation
The ISO 14001,4.5.1- Monitoring and
Measurement, requires that the organization shall
establish and maintain documented procedures to
monitor and measure , on a regular basis, the key
characteristics of its operations and activities
that can have a significant impact on the
environment
This shall include the recording of information to
track performance,relevant operational
controls and conformance with the organization’s
environmental objectives and targets
PURPOSE…….
Equipment Calibration
Regulatory Compliance
Environmental Performance
AUDIT EPE
Periodic Ongoing
Management System
Review Audit
Corrective
Action
Typical Causes of EMS
Problems
Getting Started
The results of monitoring and measurements,audit
findings and other systemic reviews should be
documented and reviewed and must lead to corrective
actions.If the organization already has an ISO 9000 QMS
,a corrective and preventive action process already
exists.The same model may be used for EMS purposes.
For a documented problem . The root cause of the
systematic failure should be determined.The
organization must be committed to implementing
corrective actions as quickly as possible. The corrective
and Preventive action process should specify
responsibilities and schedules.Progress should be
reviewed regularly and any deficiencies followed up
Contd...
The extent of planning and documentation
required for corrective and preventive actions
may vary with the severity of the problem(and
its potential environmental impacts).An
appropriate suggestion is “A simple method
always works better”
It should be ensured that adequate data and
information is collected to determine why a
problem has occurred and what corrective
actions may be necessary.
EMS Elements that Lead to corrective Action and Management
Reviews
Employee
Monitoring Audits
Involvement
Corrective
Action
Process
Management
Review
Hints that should not be Ignored!
Workers on the shop floor are in the best position to see
problems and suggest solutions.
All employees should be informed that it is their
responsibility to identify and perform corrective actions.
This would include reporting nonconformance of operational
and procedural natures.It should also be well communicated
to all employees that everyone is responsible for solving
nonconformance as well.
A suitable system improvement process e.g.., via
suggestion boxes,incentive programmes should be employed
for greater employee participation.
In small companies same employees might have been
engaged in multiple function,including management
review and corrective action processes..A strong link
should exist between the processes for better EMS
effectiveness...
ISO Explanation
Audit Scope
Audit Frequency
Audit Methods
Key responsibilities
Reporting Mechanism
AUDIT FREQUENCY
The nature of the Operations
The significant Environmental aspects/impacts identified
The results of the monitoring programme
Findings of Previous audits
audited at least annually
Periodic EMS
audits
EMS Corrective
Established Action
Process
Management
Review
Intro
Management reviews ensure how the
EMS will remain viable.
It can be used to demonstrate top
management’s ongoing support for the
environmental issues.
It shall address the possible need for
changes to policy, objectives, and other
elements of the EMS.
MR Considers
Progress on objectives and targets towards
continuing suitability,adequacy and EMS
effectiveness
New standards legislation and regulations
Audit results
Environmental Performance measures
Reports of emergencies (e.g, spills,leaks, other
incidents)
New scientific/technical data on products,
materials and processes used
Internal and External Communications etc
Getting Started
It should involve- those who have the right information
and knowledge and who have the authority to make
decisions.
Schedule and frequency for Management reviews
should be determined, typically once or twice in a year.
It should assess whether different organizational
functions have complied with policy and procedures
using audit reports.
It should be determined if Capital and other resources ,
including information management systems are adequate
to support the EMS requirements of the Organization.
Contd….
It should be determined if the operational
controls,procedures, corrective and preventive actions
and the continuous improvements efforts have resulted
in enhanced environmental performance.changes that
result in process improvements should be documented
Possible improvements in the organizational structure ,
operational procedures , training requirements , work
instructions , pollution prevention , waste management,
energy utilization, process improvements, that may lead
to environmental opportunities and organizational benefits
should be determined
Business Transformation Through
ISO 14000
Case Studies
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
:
Energy Use Reduction:
• Energy efficient lighting was installed in public areas which are
light 24 hours per day. 60 watt incandescent corridor ceiling lights
were replaced 15 watt compact fluorescent lights: savings equal
$3,622 annually plus 90% reduction in labor costs. 90 watt
incandescent lights in table lamps in the lobby and elevator
landings were replaced with 22 watt compact fluorescent lights:
savings equal $1,540 annually and reduced labor costs. 30 watt exi
sign lights were replaced with 1.8 watt LED exit signs: savings
equal $1,179 annually.
• Install compact fluorescent bulbs in guest room table lamps and
hanging lamps: predicted payback equal 1.81 years.
• Install compact fluorescent bulbs in back areas which are lit 24
hours: savings equal to $59.57 per bulb.
• Remind employees to turn off all energy using devices that are no
being used: no estimate of savings.
Water Use Reduction:
• Installing toilets with 1.5 gallon capacity,
replacing ones with 3.5 gallon capacity will save
$3,276 and 430,000 gallons annually.
• Showerheads of greater efficiency will save
$6,546 and 859,000 gallons annually.
• Guest have been offered the option of reusing
their towels and linens when staying more than
one night. Projected savings are $4,000
annually.
Comments
This case includes savings that are well known and some
that are innovative. Some of the reasons the program has
been successful are:
• Everyone in the hotel participates in the program and can
contribute from within their job responsibilities. Thus, the
power of each individual to contribute in a positive way is
harnessed.
• Small savings are as important as big ones. This
recognizes that small savings add up and creates a culture
that values contributions at all levels of the organization and
of any size. The cumulative effect of many small acts of
environmental impact reduction may not be quantifiable, but
it may be significant.
ISO 14000-SERIES
COST INCLUDES :
Staff/ employee time,
Training of personnel.
COST ESTIMATES
Total implementation time can usually be
estimated as one workday per employee.