Introduction to Arduino

Abdul Alim Shakir

 Topics
1. What is Arduino?
2. History of Arduino
3. Advantages
4. Features
5. Microcontroller basics
6. ATmega328P
7. Microcontroller vs Microprocessor
 What is Arduino?
 Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.

 Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and

turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.

 Sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board from a computer is very easy.

 Single board microcontroller, intended to make the application of interactive objects or environments more

accessible.

 Designed to make the process of using electronics multidisciplinary projects more functional.
 History of Arduino

Arduin of Ivrea Hernando Barragan Massimo Banzi Arduino

 Advantages
 Open source and extensible software

 Inexpensive

 Portable

 Low power consumption

 Simple and clear programming environment

 USB programming interface

 No additional programmer/burner hardware required for programming board.

 Friendly community support and documentation.

 Features
 Microcontroller: ATmega328
 Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Figure 1.1 : Arduino Layout and pin configuration
 Microcontroller
 A Microcontroller is a special purpose computer with
programmable input/output peripherals, memory, system Central Processing
Unit(CPU)
clock and a processor that can be used as an embedded
system. Memory
 Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run one
specific program. System Clock
 Microcontrollers are often low power devices.
 Microcontrollers are embedded inside some other device. Peripherals
 Microcontrollers are small and not costly.
Fundamental Components
 Microcontrollers have multiple digital and analog I/O ports.
of a Microcontroller
 Peripherals of a Microcontroller
• Digital I/O : Provides the ability to control and read digital outputs.

• A/D Conversion :The ability to measure an analog voltage.

• D/A Conversion :The ability to output analog voltages.

• Serial Interface The serial interface is used to transfer data between devices within a system
and between systems.

• Timers :Provides the ability to measure durations between events.

• Flash Memory Used to store program code.

 Volatile Non-Volatile Timer Module
Processor
Memory Memory
Internal Bus

Digital I/O Analog I/O Serial Interface Interrupt

Module Module Module Controller

External Devices

Figure 1.3 : Basic layout of a microcontroller

 ATmega328P
 Program Memory Type : Flash
 Program Memory Size (KB) : 32
 CPU Speed (MIPS/DMIPS) : 20
 SRAM (Bytes) : 2,048
 Data EEPROM/HEF (Bytes) : 1024
 Digital Communication Peripherals: 1-UART, 2-SPI, 1-I2C
 Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals : 1 Input Capture, 1 CCP, 6PWM
 8-bit Timers : 2
 16-bit Timers : 1
 Number of Comparators : 1
 Operating Voltage Range (V) : 1.8 to 5.5
 Pin Count : 32
 Low Power : Yes
Figure 1.2 : ATmega328p Block Diagram
 Microcontroller vs Microprocessor
Microcontroller
1. It has RAM, ROM and EEPROM.
2. Processing speed is 8MHz to 50 MHz . 2. Processing speed is above 1GHz.
3. Power consumption is low.
4. Tasks performed by microcontrollers
are limited and generally less complex.
5. Microcontroller is compact.
6. It is inexpensive.
7. It is a heart of embedded system.
Microprocessor
1. It has no RAM, ROM or EEPROM.
3. Power consumption is high.
4. Tasks performed by microprocessors are software
development, game development, web development,
documents making etc.
5. Microprocessor is bulky.
6. It is very expensive.
7. It is the heart of computer system.
What has already made
with Arduino?