Introduction And Basic

A network is a group of
computers, printers and
other devices that are
connected together with
cables (i.e. transfer data
and source). Each device
in a net work is called a
node.

And networking is a
process of interacting
with others to exchange
information and develop
professional or social
contact.
Why network is
necessary in today’s
life?

1. Communication
2 . H a r dw a r e
sharing
3. Data sharing
4. Application
sharing
5 . D a t a b a c ku p
and retrieval
6. Entertainment
Network
classified by size
1. LAN : LOCAL AREA
NETWORK
A network that connects
computers in a limited
geographical area.

2. MAN : METROPOLITAN
AREA NETWORK
A backbone that connects
LANs in a metropolitan
area such as city and
handles the bulks of
communications activity
across that region.

3. WAN : WIDE AREA

NETWORK
Wan covers a large
geographical area such as
city or country.
Communication channels
include telephone lines,
satellites.
Examples of
LAN, MAN, WAN
1. EXAMPLE OF LAN
a. Ring topology
b. bus topology
c. star topology

2. EXAMPLE OF MAN
a. cable TV network
b. telephones networks
providing high-speed
DSL lines

3. EXAMPLE OF WAN
a. Internet
b. Business services
OSI model is the reference model
that describes how different model
layer communicate over the network.
OSI mainly defines the relationship
between layers over the internet. The
main purpose of this model is to
transfer digital data among the seven
layer.

ISO is the international

organization for standardization and
formalized in 1984.

The purpose of OSI model is to

show how to facilitates
communication between different
system without requiring changes to
the logic of underlying hardware and
software.
TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol And
Internet Protocol)
TCP/IP is a suite of communication
protocols used a interconnect network
devices on the internet. TCP/IP can
also be used as a communications
protocol in a private network .
TCP/IP uses client/ server model of
communication in which a user or
machine (a client) is provided a
services by another computer (a server)
in the network.

The Defense Advanced Research

Project Agency (DARPA), the
research branch of the U.S.
Department of Defense, created the
TCP/IP model in 1970s for use in
ARPANET, a wide area network
the preceded the internet. TCP/IP
was originally designed for the Unix
operating system, and it has been built
into into all of the operating systems
that came after it.
 OSI TCP/IP
1. It is a theoretical model 1. It is a client server model
which is used for used for transmission of
computing system. data over the internet.
2. It has seven layers. 2. It has 4 layers.
3. DOD (Department
3. ISO (International
Of Defense)
Standard Organization)
4. Follow vertical approach.
4. Follow horizontal
5. Protocols are hidden in
OSI model and are approach.
easily replaced as 5. In TCP/IP replacing
technology changes. protocols is not easy.