LESSON 2

WE ARE ALL MADE OF

STAR STUFF
(FORMATION OF HEAVY ELEMENTS)
What is the atomic number and
atomic mass of Lithium?

2
FUSION
is the
combinationof
nuclei to form a
bigger and
heavier nucleus.
3
STELLAR
EVOLUTI
ON by
the process
which a star
changes over the
course of time.
4
 STELLAR
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
the process by which the natural
abundances of the chemical
elements within stars vary due
to nuclear fusion reactions in the
cores and overlying mantles of
stars.
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 SUPERNOVA
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
theory of the production of many
different chemical elements in
supernova explosions, first
advanced by Fred Hoyle in 1954.

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PROTON-PROTON CHAIN
REACTION
one of the two (known) sets of
fusion reactions by which stars
convert hydrogen to helium. It
dominates in stars the size of the
Sun or smaller.
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 TRIPLE ALPHA
PROCESS
set of nuclear
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS fusion
reactions by which three
helium-4 nuclei (alpha
particles) are transformed
14
 ALPHA
LADDER/PROCESS
one of two classes of
nuclear fusion reactions by
which stars convert helium
into heavier elements, the
other being the triple-alpha
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 CNO CYCLE
(for carbon–nitrogen–
oxygen) is one of the two
known sets of fusion
reactions by which stars
convert hydrogen to
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 P+ n Next step
Add a
12
C 6 6
proton

Convert a
13
N 7 6
proton
Add a
13
C 6 7
proton
Add a
14
N 7 7
proton
Convert a
15
O 8 7
proton
Add a
15
N 7 8
proton
12
C 6 6
4
He 2 2
Main- sequence Star
any star that is fusing
hydrogen in its core and
has a stable balance of
outward pressure from core
nuclear fusion and
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 Red-giant star
a dying star in the last
stages of stellar
evolution.
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 SUPERNOVA
the largest
explosion that
takes place in
space.
24
 R-PROCESS
• involves rapid capture of
neutrons by the atom.
• set of reactions in nuclear
astrophysics that are
responsible for the creation
(nucleosynthesis) of
25
 S-PROCESS
• involves slow capture of neutrons in
red giants.
• series of reactions in nuclear
astrophysics which occur in stars,
particularly AGB stars. It is responsible
for the creation (nucleosynthesis) of
approximately half the atomic nuclei
26
Y
 1.
Which of the following processes is
likely to generate the heaviest
element?
a. CNO cycle
b. r-process
c. triple-alpha process
d. Big Bang nucleosynthesis
2. Which of the following reactions
is not a part of the alpha ladder?
 3. True or False.
The heavy elements in a star
are found in its core.
 4. True or False.
In stellar nucleosynthesis,
heavier elements are formed
from combining lighter ones.
5. True or False.
A star gets lighter as
time goes on.
 PERFORMANCE TASK
Create an output that discusses the origin of one
of the man-made elements. Your output must
contain:
• discussion of the element’s basic
characteristics (5 points)
•brief timeline leading up to the
element’s discovery (5 points)
⋆ Proper Citation (5 points)
⋆ Creativity (5 points)
⋆ Punctuality (5 points)
⋆ Deadline: December 22, 2019
⋆ Submission via email: gmbadenas1
33
@up.edu.ph
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 Hello!
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 “
Quotations are commonly
printed as a means of
inspiration and to invoke
philosophical thoughts
from the reader.

36
 BIG CONCEPT
Bring the attention of your
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using icons or illustrations
37
 You can also split your
content
White Black
Is the color of milk and Is the color of coal,
fresh snow, the color ebony, and of outer
produced by the space. It is the darkest
combination of all the color, the result of the
colors of the visible absence of or complete
spectrum. absorption of light.

38
 In two or three columns
YELLOW BLUE RED
Is the color of Is the colour of Is the color of
gold, butter and the clear sky and blood, and
ripe lemons. In the deep sea. It is because of this it
the spectrum of located between has historically
visible light, violet and green been associated
yellow is found on the optical with sacrifice,
between green spectrum. danger and
and orange. courage.

39
Want big
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Use big
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 Use diagrams to explain
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Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum

41
And tables to compare data
A B C

Yellow 10 20 7
Blue 30 15 10
Orange 5 24 16

42
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46
 Let’s review some concepts
YELLOW
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
YELLOW
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
BLUE
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.
BLUE
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.
47
RED
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
RED
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
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