HEAT

EXCHANGER
What is a Heat
Exchanger?
A heat exchanger is a device which
transfers heat from one medium to
another.
Heat is transferred by conduction
through the exchanger materials
which separate the mediums being
used.
Types of Heat Exchanger

Shell and Tube Plate Type Air Cooled

Types of Heat Exchanger

Shell and Tube Plate Type Air Cooled

Shell and Tube

consist of a large number of

small tubes which are
located within. a cylindrical .
shell.
Types of Heat Exchanger

Shell and Tube Plate Type Air Cooled

Plate Type

operate in very much the

same way as a shell and
.
tube heat exchanger, using .
a series of stacked plates
rather than tubes
Types of Heat Exchanger

Shell and Tube Plate Type Air Cooled

Air Cooled

are commonly used in

vehicles or other mobile
.
applications where no .
permanent cool water
source is available.
 How is a Heat Exchanger
Designed?
To be able to select a heat exchanger, we need to know;
• Primary circuit fluid type, temperature and flow rate
(usually the hot fluid)

• What you want to take out of the primary circuit (Heat

dissipation or a target outlet temperature)

• Secondary circuit fluid type, temperature and flow rate

(usually the coolant)

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 Marine Heat
Exchangers
The operating principles of a marine heat exchanger are
the same as a cooler designed for fresh water use, the
main consideration for the designer however is that the
marine heat exchanger must be resilient to erosion or
corrosion caused by sea water.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 What fluids can a Heat
Exchanger operate with?

Standard Heat Exchangers are suitable for most fluids

including Oil, Water, Water Glycol and Sea Water. For
more corrosive fluids such as chlorinated salt water,
refrigerants and acids other materials such as Stainless
Steel and Titanium will need to be used instead.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 What is temperature
Cross Over?

is a term used to describe the scenario where the

temperatures of both circuits in a liquid cooled heat
exchanger begin to cross over. This can be an important
factor in a heat exchanger design as the efficiency of a
cooler will be significantly reduced when the
temperatures cross over.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 What is a
Heat Exchanger “pass” ?

refers to the movement of a fluid from one end of the

heat exchanger to the other.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 What is a
Heat Exchanger “pass” ?
Single Pass (1 pass)
Fluid enters one end of the heat exchanger, and exits at
the other end.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 What is a
Heat Exchanger “pass” ?
Double Pass (2 pass)
Fluid enters and exists the heat exchanger at the same
end.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 What is a
Heat Exchanger “pass” ?
Triple Pass (3 pass)
Fluid travels the length of the heat exchanger body three
times before exiting.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 How to make a Heat
Exchanger more efficient
Temperature differential
The difference between the hot fluid and coolant is very
important when designing a heat exchanger. The coolant
always needs to be at a lower temperature than the hot
fluid.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 How to make a Heat
Exchanger more efficient
Flow Rate
A greater flow rate will increase the capability of the
exchanger to transfer the heat, but a greater flow rate
also means greater mass, which can make it more
difficult for the energy to be removed as well as
increasing velocity and pressure loss.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 How to make a Heat
Exchanger more efficient
Installation
The most efficient way to install a heat exchanger is with
the fluids flowing in a counter-current arrangement (so if
the coolant is travelling left to right, the hot fluid travels
right to left) and for shell and tube heat exchangers the
coolant should enter at the lowest inlet position to ensure
that the heat exchanger is always full of water.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

How to increase the lifetime
of a Heat Exchanger
Make sure the design data is accurate
It is best to make sure that design data is as accurate as
possible. Not only will this ensure that your heat
exchanger is thermally efficient but also it will be able to
operate for a long period of time.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

How to increase the lifetime
of a Heat Exchanger
Commission and Installation
When installing your heat exchanger, make sure that
correct fittings and pipe work are used. For heat
exchangers on applications which use polluted, shallow or
brackish sea water as the coolant and have copper alloy
tubes.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

How to increase the lifetime
of a Heat Exchanger
Regular Maintenance and Servicing
maintenance assures optimal working conditions and
conserves the life span of the equipment.

Designing a Heat Exchanger

 The End
Thank You