L.D.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

B.E. -5th SEM

SUB: ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL DESIGN
BATCH : B2
 ARMATURE WINDING
PREPARED BY :

NAME ENROLLMENT No. ROLL N0.

JIGAR PRAJAPATI 130280109090 509082
KIRTAN PRAJAPATI 130280109091 509083
VARUN RAI 130280109092 509084
 INDEX

SR NO. TOPIC NAME

1. INTRODUCTION
2. ELEMENTS OF ARMATURE WINDING
3. LAP WINDING
4. WAVE WINDING
5. DUMMY COILS
6. EQUALIZER CONNECTION
7. SINGLE LAYER WINDING
8. DOUBLE LAYER WINDING
 INTRODUCTION

 Armature winding may be defined as an arrangement of

conductors to produce an emf by relative motion in a
hetropolar magnetic field.
 The armature is provided with slots on its circumference in
which the conductors are housed.
 The armature is free to rotate between the magnetic poles.
 The conductors are connected in series for increasing the
voltage rating whereas they are connected in parallel to
increasing the current rating.
ELEMENTS OF AN ARMATURE WINDINGS

A turn – two conductors connected to an end by an end connector

ELEMENTS OF AN ARMATURE WINDINGS

A coil – several turns connected in series

ELEMENTS OF AN ARMATURE WINDINGS

A winding – several coils connected in series

ELEMENTS OF AN ARMATURE WINDINGS
The angle between centers of adjacent poles is 180o (electrical)
180o electrical
= 90o mech

360o electrical
= 180o mech
N

S S

N
ELEMENTS OF AN ARMATURE WINDINGS

The angle between centers of adjacent poles is 180o (electrical)

If coil sides are placed 180o electrical apart, the coil is said to be full-pitch

N
a
a b
180oelec
S S
b

N
 LAP WINDING

Lap winding

Commutator bar

• One coil between adjacent commutator bars

• 1/p of total coils are connected in series
• No. of poles  no. of brushes  no. of parallel paths
 CONDITIONS FOR SIMPLEX LAP WINDING

 Back pitch and front pitch must be nearly equal to pole

pitch.
 Back pitch and front pitch must be odd numbers.
 Difference between the back pitch and front pitch should be
equal to 2.
 Commutator pitch should be equal to ±1.
 Winding pitch (Y) should be even number.
 Back pitch = 2c/p ± k
 Back pitch = front pitch ±2
EXAMPLE OF LAP WINDING
 WAVE WINDING

• p/2 coils in series between adjacent commutator bars

• ½ of all coils between brushes
• Regardless of no. of poles, there are always 2 parallel path
• The distance between end coils (commutator pitch) is 2(C1)/p
where C is the no. of commutator bars
 CONDITIONS FOR SIMPLEX WAVE WINDING

 Back pitch and front pitch must be odd numbers .

 Back pitch and front pitch may be equal or differ by 2.
 Winding pitch (Y) must be an even number.
 Commutator pitch = Y/2 ,it must be an integer.
 Winding pitch (Y) = 2C ± 2/p/2.
where , C = number of coils
p = number of poles
Positive sign for progressive wave winding.
Negative sign for retrogressive wave winding.
EXAMPLE OF WAVE WINDING
 DUMMY COILS

 In case of wave winding, certain number of coils, it will not

be possible to satisfy the equation for winding pitch
Y=2(2C±2)/p to have an even integer.
 Instead of leaving any slot vacant, an extra coil is inserted
into it. This additional coil is called as dummy coil.
 Dummy coil is not connected to commutator, but it is used
to provide mechanical balance to the armature.
 Dummy coil is not affect the electrical characteristics of
wave winding.
 EQAULIZER CONNECTIONS

 Equalizer connection is very low resistance copper rings .

 To equalize the potential of all conductors.
 When equalizer rings are used , the winding must be
symmetrical.
 Equipotential pitch = total no. of coils / pole pairs
= 2c/p
 TYPES OF AC MACHINES WINDINGS

 They are two basic physical types for the windings. They
deal differently with the mechanical problem for arranging
coils in sequence around the armature.
 Two types :
1. Single layer winding
2. Double layer winding
 SINGLE LAYER WINDING

 Fig (a) below shows an arrangement for a single layer winding.

 In this type of winding arrangement one coil side of a coil
occupies the whole of the slot.
 Single layer winding are not used for machine having
commutator.
 Single layer winding allow the use of semi-closed and closed
types of slots.

Coil
side

fig (a)
Semi-closed slot Open slot
 DOUBLE LAYER WINDING
 The double layer winding have identical coils with one coil side
of each coil lying in top half of the slot and the other coil side
in bottom half of another slot exactly or approximately one
pole pitch. Fig (a)
 Each layer may contain more than one coil side in case large
numbers of coils are required fig (c).
 Fig (c) shows the arrangement where there are 8 coil sides per
slot. Open slots are frequently used to house double layer
windings.

Coil
Top coil side sides Top
(top layer) layer

Bottom
Bottom coil side layer
(Bottom layer)

(a) (b) (c)

THANK YOU