PROSE

The members :
1. Anis Maghfiroh (201532043)
2. Minkhatin Fajriyah (201532044)
3. Devi Ariyani (201532060)
 The Definition of Prose
 The Establishment of Modern English
Prose (1998), Ian Robinson observes that the
term prose is "surprisingly hard to define. . . .
We shall return to the sense there may be in
the old joke that prose is not verse.“
 (Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Table Talk, July 12,
1827) says that , “prose is the words in their
best order".
 (Molière, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,
1671) says that, “All that is not prose is verse;
and all that is not verse is prose”.
 (Jeremy Bentham, quoted by M. St. J. Packe
in The Life of John Stuart Mill, 1954) says that,
"Prose is when all the lines except the last go on
to the end. Poetry is when some of them fall
short of it."
 (Governor Mario Cuomo, New Republic, April
8, 1985) says that, "You campaign in poetry.
You govern in prose."
 (George Orwell, "Why I Write," 1946) says
that, "one can write nothing readable unless
one constantly struggles to efface one's own
personality. Good prose is like a window pane."
 (Richard Lanham, Analyzing Prose, 2nd ed.
Continuum, 2003) says that, "Our ideal prose,
like our ideal typography, is transparent: if a
reader doesn't notice it, if it provides a
transparent window to the meaning, then the
prose stylist has succeeded. But if your ideal
prose is purely transparent, such transparency
will be, by definition, hard to describe. You
can't hit what you can't see. And what is
transparent to you is often opaque to someone
else. Such an ideal makes for a difficult
pedagogy."
 (John Gross, Introduction to The New Oxford Book
of English Prose. Oxford Univ. Press, 1998) says
that, "Prose is the ordinary form of spoken or
written language: it fulfills innumerable functions,
and it can attain many different kinds of
excellence. A well-argued legal judgment, a lucid
scientific paper, a readily grasped set of technical
instructions all represent triumphs of prose after
their fashion. And quantity tells. Inspired prose
may be as rare as great poetry--though I am
inclined to doubt even that; but good prose is
unquestionably far more common than good
poetry. It is something you can come across every
day: in a letter, in a newspaper, almost anywhere."
 (UK ESSAY) says that “Prose is a type of epic
literature that is written in lines. Usually
sentences in prose continuous in that line,
not in another one. Some authors (writers)
say that writing prose is the best form of
writing, because words are in their best
order”.
 (John Cheever, on accepting the National
Medal for Literature, 1982) says
that, " prose is where one hears the rain
and the noise of battle. It has the power to
give grief or universality that lends it a
youthful beauty."
 Nonfictional Prose : A
literary work that is mainly
based on fact, though it
may contain fictional
elements in certain cases.
Examples include
biographies and essays.
The Types of
Prose
Fictional Prose: A literary
work that is wholly or
partly imagined or
theoretical. Examples are
novels.
Example of Nonfictional : Example of Fictional:

1. News reports & Journal 1. Myths

2. Articles & Essays
2. Fable
3. Textbooks, historical &
biographical works 3. Fairy tale
4. The other works 4. Novels
describing or interpreting 5. Short stories
facts
5. Presenting judgments &
opinions.
 Example of Fiction Works
Novel is a book of long narrative in literary
prose. There are so many genre in novel such as
Mystery, romance, historical fiction, etc.
• A fable is a very short story which promises to illustrate or
teach us a lesson which is also called a moral. Fables are
stories having animal characters that talk like humans.
A fairy tale is a story intended for children, often involving
some fanciful creature or extraordinary adventure. These
stories often revolve around charms, magic, disguise, and
spells.
Myth is a traditional story, especially one
concerning the early history of a people or
explaining a natural or social phenomenon, and
typically involving supernatural beings or events.
Short story is an invented prose narrative
shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few
characters and aiming at unity of effect and
often concentrating on the creation of mood
rather than plot.
 Non-fiction
A journal is a continued series of writings made
by a person in response to their life experiences
and events.
Article must be fresh and written on subject or
product which we wish to describe. Article
writing service must be done by good writer
who have strong knowledge in subject or
products it describes.
Autobiography is a form of biography, the
writing of a life story.
An essay is a short piece of writing which is often written from
an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a
number of elements, including: literary criticism, political
manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life,
recollections, and reflections of the author.
 Plot

Setting

Element of Prose Character

Point of View

Theme
 Plot
How the author arranges events to develop the basic idea; it is
the sequence of events in a story or play. The plot is a planned, logical
series of events having a beginning, middle, and end.

There are five essential parts of plot:

1. Exposition (introduction) : Beginning of the story; characters,
background, and setting revealed.
2. Rising Action : Events in the story become complicated; the
conflict is revealed. These are events between the introduction
and climax.
3. Climax : Turning point of the story. Readers wonders what will
happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?
4. Falling action : Resolution begins; events and complications start
to fall into place.
5. Resolution (Conclusion) : Final outcome of events in the story.
  Setting
Setting - Time and location that a story takes place.

Place
Time
Aspect
Weather

Social Condition

Mood and Atmosphere

 Character
A person in a fictional story or qualities of a
person.
 People in a work of fiction can be a(n):
1. Protagonist - Clear center of story; all major
events are important to this character.
2. Antagonist - Opposition or "enemy" of main
character.
  Point of View
The angle from which the story is told.
 First Person - Story told by the protagonist or a character
who interacts closely with the protagonist or other
characters.
 Second Person - Story told by a narrator who addresses the
reader or some other assumed "you"; speaker uses
pronouns "you", "your", and "yours".
 Third Person - Story told by a narrator who sees all of the
action; speaker uses the pronouns "he", "she“ "it", "they",
"his", "hers", "its", and "theirs".
 Innocent Eye/Naive Narrator - Storytold through child's
eyes; narrator'sjudgment is different from that of an adult.
 Stream of Consciousness - Story told so readers solely
experience a character's thoughts and reactions.
 Theme
Central message, "moral of the story," and
underlying meaning of a fictional piece; may be
the author's thoughts on the topic or view of
human nature.
THANK YOU