GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED

CONCRETE
OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the utility of glass as a partial

replacement of course aggregate in concrete.
To study and compare the performance conventional
concrete and glass mixed concrete.
To understand the effectiveness of broken glass in
strength enhancement.
INTRODUCTION:

Concrete is a widely used material in the world. Based on

global usage it is placed at second position after water.
River sand is one of the constituents used in the production of
conventional concrete has become highly expensive and also
scare.
In the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is a large
demand for alternative materials from industrial waste. Some
alternative materials have already been used as a part of
aggregate.
Cont..

Similarly the waste glass are collected from the shops are
used. The collected glasses are crushed to course
aggregate size and it could be used an alternate material
for coarse aggregate as partial replacement.
In brief, successful utilization of glass as coarse aggregate
it turn this waste material into a valuable resource.
METHODOLOGY
Collection and properties
of materials

Preliminary test for

materials

Studyof physical properties

of materials, mixdesign

Casting and Curingof

specimens

Test on concrete

Analysis and discussion

MATERIAL USED AND THEIR PROPERTIES:
CEMENT:
A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can
bind other materials together.
Cement sets or cures when mixed with water which causes a
series of hydration chemical reactions.
TYPEOF CEMENT USED:OPC 43 grade, ultratech.

Fine Aggregate
Locally available M- Sand belonging to zone II of IS 383-2016
is used for the present work. The sieve analysis data of M- Sand are
shown in Table 5.2.1 and 5.2.2
 COARSE AGGREGATE:
Crushed ballast stone of size 10mm and 20mm down confirming
to IS 383 - 2016 is used in this project the sieve analysis and
properties are tested and tabulated in Table 5.3.1, 5.3.2 and 5.3.3

SUPER PLASTICIZERS:
Super plasticizer conforming to IS:9103-1999
FOSROC Conplast SP 430 DIS (Sulphonated Napthalene Formaldehyde)
Batch No. IN1MF00299416

WATER:
Potable water used in the present work for both casting and curing.
Water analysis results are tabulated in Table 5.4
 GLASS FIBRES :

Locally available glasses, broken into small pieces approximately to a size of coarse
aggregates.
 MATERIALTESTING:
TESTFOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATERABSORPTION:
Using the pyconometer the test for specific gravity and water absorption is
done

s.no. Observation and calculation C.A F.A

1 Mass of empty Pycnometer (M1 0.75 .75

2 Mass of Pycnometer and dry soil (M2) 1.82 1.98

3 Mass of Pycnometer, soil and water (M3) 1.38 1.350

4 Mass of Pycnometer and water (M4) 0.49 0.716

The specific gravity of coarse aggregate is2.55 and the
specific gravity of fine aggregate is 2.279
 TESTFOR CEMENT:
Standard consistency of cement is defined as that consistency which
will permit plunger to penetrate at 33.34from the top of the mould.
Standard consistency (%) = (Weight of water added/ Weight of
cement) x 100

table for consistency test

PERCENTAGE OF SOLUTION ADDED HEIGTHOFPENETRATION(mm)

25 14
30 21
35 27
40 33

Thus the consistency of cement is found to be 40%.

 Initial settingtime:
Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the non-
porous plate, under the rod bearing the needle. Lower the needle
gently until it comes in contact with the surface of test block and
quick release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block. In the
beginning the needle completely pierces the test block
 The initial setting time of cement is found to be 38
mints.
table for initial setting time
TIMEINMINIUTES DEPTHNOTPENETRAED(mm)
10 2
20 3
30 4
38 6
 SLUMP TEST:
Slump test is the most commonly used method of measuring
consistency of concrete which can be employed either in laboratory
or at site of work. It does not measure all factors contributing to
workability, nor is it always representative of the place ability of the
concrete.
 Bottom diameter : 20mm
Top diameter : 10mm
Height : 30mm

MIXTURE SLUMP DEGREE OF

(mm) WORKABILITY

1 20 Very low
2 50 Low
3 90 Medium
Mix design:
The specimens are to be cast with concrete of characteristics strength
20 N/mm2 .the physical properties of constituent materials are
investigated and presented as follows.
Step 1:
Characteristics strength required = 20 N/mm2
Grade of concrete = M20
Max nominal size of aggregate = 20mm
Max water cement ratio = 0.55
Min cement content = 300kg/m3
Max water cement content = 77mm (slump)
Degree of supervision = good
Exposure condition = mild
 Step 2:
Type of cement = opc -53 grade
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.70
Specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2.65
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Water absorption of
Coarse aggregate = 0.5%
Fine aggregate = 1%
Free surface moisture
Coarse aggregate = nil
Fine aggregate = 2
 Step 3:
Mean target strength = fck + Ks
= 20 + 1.65 *4
= 26.6N/mm2
Standard deviation , s = 4N/mm2
Step 4:
Water cement ratio:
Cement = 53 grade
Water cement ratio = 0.45
As per IS 456 – 2000
Max water cement ratio = 0.55(mild exposure)
Minimum cement content =300 kg/m3
 Step 5:
Water content:
For 20 mm nominal size, nominal size aggregate and sand aggregate to
zone-II
Water content per m of concrete = 186 kg
Step 6:
Adjustments of w/c ratio, compaction factor and sand belonging to zone
II
Required water content = [186*(6/100)}
= 197.16 kg/m3
 Step 7:
Determination of cement content
Water cement ratio = 0.55
Water = 197.16 *0.95 = 187.302 kg /m3
Cement content = 187.302/0.55= 356kg/m3
From table no s IS 456 minimum cement content =300 kg/m3 < 356
kg/m3

Step 8:
Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size
aggregate and fine aggregate zone I for water – cement ratio of 0.45 to
0.60
 Step 9:
Mix calculation
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows
*volume of concrete = 1 m3
Volume of cement = 350/3.15* 1/1000
= 0.111m3
Volume of water = 0.197
Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.692 *0.6*2.55*1000
= 1058kg
Mass of fine aggregate = 0.692 *0.4*2.279*1000
=630 kg
Mass of cement = 356 kg/m3
Mass of water = 140 kg /m3
350/350: 630/350: 1058/350
The mix proportion for the above calculation is 1:1.8:3.03
MANUFACTURE OF FRESHCONCRETE
CASTING AND CURING:
The partial glass powder and the aggregates were first mixed
together for about 3minutes. The liquid component of the
mixture and cement was then added to the dry materials and the
mixing continued for further about 4min to manufacture the
fresh concrete.
Experimental Plan

In this work, 5%, 10%, 15% ,20% and30% of fine

aggregate is replaced by glass powder for M20 grade
concrete.
Cube specimens of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm
were casted for different proportions with glass powder
and compared with the properties of concrete
prepared without glass powder (control mix).
Compression test was performed on the concrete after
7,14 and 28 days of curing.
 MIX PROPORTIONS

MIXPROPORTION

GLASS CEMENT(kg) FINE COARS WATER GLASS

POWDER(%) AGGREGATE(kg) E CEMEN POWDER
AGGRE T WT(kg)
GATE RATIO
(kg)
0 1.38 2.484 4.181 0.55 0
10 1.38 2.236 4.181 0.55 0.248
15 1.38 2.1 4.181 0.55 0.384
20 1.38 1.98 4.181 0.55 0.504
30 1.38 1.73 4.181 0.55 0.754
TESTRESULTAND DISCUSSION

In this section the result of the compressive test, tensile test, flexure test
of the partial replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder is
tabulated.
compressive test result:

The compressive test of concrete is tested for 0%, the below

table shows compressive strength of concrete cube

table for 0%replacement compressive strength of

concrete
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 0% 10.66 13.88 19.11
2 0% 10.93 13.20 18.88
3 0% 10.58 14 19.33
The compressive test of concrete is tested for 10%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)

7th day 14th day 28th day

1 10% 12.44 13.48 16.88
2 10% 13 13.90 17
3 10% 12.55 14 16.55
The compressive test of concrete is tested for 15%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube

s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)

7th day 14th day 28th day
1 15% 13.33 15.23 19.11
2 15% 14 14.60 18.79
3 15% 13.55 15 19.33
The compressive test of concrete is tested for 20%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 20% 14.22 15.55 16.88
2 20% 13.77 15.08 17
3 20% 14 14.78 16.55
The compressive test of concrete is tested for 30%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 30% 12.44 14.87 17.08
2 30% 13 13.98 16.53
3 30% 12.55 14.77 17
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
7th day 14th day 28th day
20

18

16

14
STRENGTH

12

10

0
0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement 30%replacement
%REPLACEMENT
SPLITTENSILESTRENGTH:
The concrete cylinder cured at room temperature are tested to
find thetensile strength of the concrete using compressive testing
machine (CTM).The same specimen is also tested on 7th, 28th
day to study tensile strength property of replacement of fine
aggregate by glass powder.
 Mix proportion and their respective wt.

GLASS Cement(kg) Fine Coarse Water cement

POWDER( aggregate(k aggregate(k ratio
kg) g) g)
0% 7.38 12.484 23.181 0.55
10% 7.38 11.236 23.181 0.55
15% 7.38 10.612 23.181 0.55
20% 7.38 9.987 23.181 0.55
acc,. IS5816:1999
The measured splitting tensile strength, of the specimen shall be
calculated to the nearest 0.05 N/mm2 using the following formula :
fck=(2p)/(πdl)
Where P =applied load
D =diameter of the specimen
L =length of thespecimen

acc., to IS5816:1999pg.no.3
The split tensile strength of concrete for 0%replacement ,

s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)

7th day 14th day 28th day

1 0% 4.68 4.93 5.35

2 0% 4.88 4.80 5.25

The split tensile strength of concrete for 10%replacement

s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)

7th day 14th day 28th day

1 10% 3.59 4 5

2 10% 4.22 4.5 4.33

The split tensile strength of the concrete for 15%replacement

s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)

7th day 14th day 28th day

1 15% 2.68 2.98 3.03
2 15% 2.55 2.88 3.45

The split tensile strength of the concrete for 20%replacement

s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)

7th day 14th day 28th day

1 20% 2.35 2.89 3

2 20% 2.44 2.78 2.93

 SPLITTENSILESTRENGTH
7th day 14th day 28th day

%REPLACEMENT 5.5
5 5.35
5
4.68 4.8

4
4 4.04 4
3.59
3
3 3
2.78

0
0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement
FLEXURAL STRENGTHTEST:

The concrete beams cured at room temperature are tested to

find the flexure strength of concrete using universal testing
machine (UTM).
The same specimen is also tested on 7th and 28th day to study
flexure strength property of replacement of fine aggregate by glass
powder.
%replacement 0% 10% 15% 20%

28th day 6 6.4 5.5 5

The result values are in N/mm2

 FLEXURAL TEST
28th day

6.4
6
5.5
strengt 5
h

0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement

% replacement
CONCLUSION
The compressive strength of the concrete
increases up to 15% replacement of glass powder
and then gradually decreases with increase of glass
powder content.
Along with compressive strength, the flexural
strength of the concrete increases up to 20%
replacement and then decreases with increase partial
replacement of glass powder.
The split tensile strength of the concrete
increase up to 15% replacement of glass powder and
decreases with further increase in glass powder.
Contd.,
Thus waste glasses are made in to glass powder
and loaded in to concrete which makes it useful. The
partial replacement of glass powder as fine aggregate
Makes the concrete strengthen.
Thus our project states that concrete can be
strengthen by glass powder replacement , which
makes the waste in to useful, so the waste materials
made in to use.
 Reference:
M.S.SHETTY, S.CHAND&COMPANY LTD-“CONCRETE
TECHNOLOGY”.
IS 456: 2000 Indian Standard “PLAIN AND REINFORCED
CONCRETE”
CODE OF PRACTICE
IS 10262- 2007 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix
Design
IS 516- 1959 Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete
IS 5816- 1999 Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete -Method of
Test
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN
(Online): 2319-7064 “Study of Strength and Workability of Different
Grades of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by
Crushed Brick and Recycled Glass Powder”.
 “Use of glass wastes as fine aggregate in Concrete”
S.P. Gautam, Vikas Srivastava and V.C. Agarwal Civil Eng. Dept.,
SHIATS (formerly AAI-DU), Allahabad-211007, UP, India.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified
Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014
“Utilization of Waste Glass Powder in Concrete – A Literature
Review”
Bhupendra Singh Shekhawat1, Dr. Vinita Aggarwal2 M.Tech Final
Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, MMEC, MMU,
Mullana Ambala, Haryana, India.
Thank you