8.

Arrangement by the nervous

system and hormones
 A. The nervous system
1. Enteric nervous system (Intrinsic)
- Pleksus mientrikus auerbach
To regulate motor function or motility of gastrointestinal
wall. But on the sphincter it inhibits plain muscle
contraction of the sphincter to experience relaxation so
that food can enter the next segment of the gastrointestinal
tract
- Submucous plexus
To regulate gastrointestinal secretion and control of
submucosal smooth muscle activity. Subtle submucous
muscle contractions result in folds of the mucosa whose
function is to expand the absorption area.
2. Autonomic nervous system (extrinsic)
- Parasympathetic for increased gastrointestinal motility, its
stimulation increases the activity of enteric nervous system,
except sphincter.
- Sympathetic also for increased motility but few (low activity)
 B. Hormones
Can be divided into 4 groups :
1. The actual hormone
- Cholecystokinine
to increase the contraction of the bladder so
that the fluid is pushed out, stimulating the
secretion of pancreas digestive enzymes. In the
stomach, this hormone inhibits the emptying
of the contents of the stomach into the
duodenum. The goal is to take time on the
duodenum to digest the fat present in it.
- Secretion
to stimulate the secretion of bicarbonate from the
pancreas and bile which is useful to neutralize the
acidic chemistry, inhibits gastric acid secretion, the
growth of the pancreatic exocrine gland.
- Gastrin Secretion
to stimulate gastric acid secretion by oxintic cells,
the growth of oxintic cells.
- Gastric inhibitory peptide
To inhibits gastric acid secretion, slows the
emptying of the stomach
2. Hormone Candidates
- Motilin to stimulate the motility of the stomach and duodenum
- Pancreas polypeptide for inhibition or inhibition of secretion in the pancreas
- Enteroglukagon, possibly to increase blood glucose levels

3. Paracrine
- Somatostasin to inhibit the release of almost all the digestive system
peptide hormones.
- Prostaglandins to increase blood flow, increase secretion of mucus and
bicarbonate ions from the gastric mucosa
- Histamine to stimulate gastric secretion by oxintic cells

4. Neurocrine
Peptides that stimulate enteric nervous system and its producing cells are
called neuroendocrine cells.

- Vasoactive peptide inhibitory (VIP) function for relaxation of circular muscles

including sphincter, stimulates bowel and pancreatic secretions
- Bombesin to stimulate the gastric mucosa to secrete gastrin hormones
- Enfekalin to stimulate smooth muscle contraction of the digestive system and
inhibit intestinal secretion