Otto Cycle to Diesel Cycle

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

Creation of Religious Engines…

Clue to Achieve Higher Efficiency

1
th  1 
r  1
 Hardware Feasibility of Otto Cycle
Net cycle work:
 W  Q in thOtto

 1 
 W  Qin  1  r  1 
Piston Displacement volume V1  V2
 V2   1
V1 1  
V1 1    r
 V1 
Work done per unit piston displacement volume:

 W 
Qin  r  

1 
  1   1 
V1  V2 V1  r  1  r 
 Measure of Size & Feasibility

 W 
Qin  r  

1 
  1   1 
V1  V2 V1  r  1  r 
P
AIR
3

Qin 4
Wcycle

V2 V1
 Factors Affecting Work per Cycle

The net cycle work of an engine can be increased by either:

i) Increasing the r (12’)
ii) Increase Qin (23”)
3’’
P
3’
C 3 (ii)
4’’
(i)
Qin
Wcycle 4  W 
Qin  r  

1 
  1   1 
2’
4’ V1  V2 V1  r  1  r 
2 C

V2 V1
 Creation of Compact Engines Using Otto Cycle
(200 CC)
2

1.8 Qin = 500J/cycle)

1.6
MEP, MPa

1.4

1.2

0.8
Qin = 200J/cycle)
0.6

0.4 Qin = 100J/cycle)

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

rv
 The Historical Event in Automobiles
• In 1893, the Benz Velo became the world's first
inexpensive, mass-produced car.
• 12000 unites were produced.
• 0.7 hp and 958cc!!!
• The Mercedes 35 HP
(German: Mercedes 35 PS)
was a radical early car model
designed in 1901.
• Engine volume: 5,918CC.
• The racecar was of a
disappointing performance by
multiple technical
complications and enduring
just for few laps.
SI Engine for Propulsion
Thermo-chemical Feasibility

Fuel/Air
Mixture

Compression
Stroke
 Engine Damage From Severe Knock
Damage to the engine is caused by a combination of high
temperature and high pressure.

Piston Piston crown

Cylinder head gasket Aluminum cylinder head

 Critical Compression Ratio

Formula Name Critical r

CH4 Methane 12.6
C3H8 Propane 12.2
C8H18 Isooctane 7.3
 History of Wildfires
3,000,000 New
1825 Miramichi Fire Killed 160 people.
acres Brunswick
482,000
1853 Yaquina Fire Oregon
acres
1,000,000 Worst recorded fire in state's
1865 Silverton Fire Oregon
acres history.
964,000
1870 Saguenay Fire Quebec
acres
Killed over 1,700 people
and has distinction of the
conflagration that caused
1,200,000 the most deaths by fire in
1871 Peshtigo Fire Wisconsin
acres United States history. It was
overshadowed by the Great
Chicago Fire that occurred
on the same day.
Generalized Flammability Map
 Design Constraints: Flammability Characteristics

Rich Mixture

Stoichiometric Line

Spontaneous Ignition

Inflammable mist
Flammable Vapour

mf

ma

Burning Impossible

Flash Point Mixture Temperature

Inflammability of Fuels
Spontaneous (Auto) Ignition Temperature of Fules
Fuel SIT, C

Petrol 246 -- 280

Diesel 210

Kerosene 295

Natural Gas 580

Hydrogen 500

Iso-Octane 447

Iso-Butane 462
 Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel
• Diesel published a treatise entitled, Theory
and Construction of a Rational Heat-
engine to Replace the Steam Engine and
Combustion Engines Known Today.
• This formed the basis for his work on and
invention of, the diesel engine.
• In his engine, fuel was injected at the end
of compression and the fuel was ignited by
the high temperature resulting from
compression.