LESSON 1

The learner…
prepares a plan and a
focus on issues and ideas
in their respective field
 RESEARCH
Research means searching for a theory, testing a
theory or solving a problem. Research comes from
two words, re and search, which implies that
research topics are not new or that such topics
have not been discussed before. The present
study serves only as a venue of confirmation,
revision or negation of the previous findings. Such
results are still new which add knowledge.
CHARACTERISTICS
of RESEARCH
 CHARACTERISTICS of RESEARCH
 Research starts with a question.
 Research requires a plan.
 Research demands a clear
statement of the problem.
 Research deals with the main
problem through a sub-problem.
 CHARACTERISTICS of RESEARCH
 Research seeks direction
through appropriate
hypotheses.
 Research deals with the facts
and their meaning.
 Research is circular.
QUALITIES OF A
GOOD
RESEARCHER
QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER
R – research-oriented
E – efficient
S – scientific
E – effective
A – active
R – resourceful
C – creative
H – honest
E – economical
R – religious
 What can be the
sources of your
research problem?
SOURCES OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
• Experiences
• Problems in the Work Environment
• Classroom discussions
• Technological and Scientific Advancement
• Offshoots of Other Researches
• Suggestions from friend or administrators
• Specialization
• Programs
• Management of practices of Organization
BASIC QUESTIONS ABOUT A RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. Is the problem interesting?

2. Is the problem new?
3. Will the study add to knowledge?
4. Is the study feasible?
5. Has anyone else had a prior claim
for it?
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE SELECTION OF
A RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. Availability of data
2. Time required
3. Funds
4. Training and special qualification of the researcher
5. Interest, intellectual curiosity and drive
6. Importance to its respective field
7. Novelty and avoidance of necessary duplication
8. Facilities and equipment
9. Cooperation of others
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

qualitative research quantitative research

phenomenal descriptive

historical correlational

ethnographic experimental
 QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE
• Involves analysis of RESEARCH
data such as words • Involves analysis
(e.g., from
interviews), of numerical data
pictures (e.g.,
video) or objects
(e.g., an artifact)
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1. Phenomenological Research
– aims to put into words the
human phenomenal experiences
which have bearing to education
of mankind.
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
2. Ethnographic research
– the study of culture such as the language, practices,
traditions and beliefs of the indigenous people. It has no
standard form. Its purpose is to gain insights into how
things got to be the way they are, how people feel about the
way things are, what meanings they attach to various
activities. The sources of data are participant observation,
collection of relevant documents and extensive informal
interview. E. g. Health practices among negritoes of
Camarines Norte.
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
3. Historical Research
– the researcher establishes the relationship
among facts in the past decades. It arrives at
conclusions concerning causes, effects, or trend
of occurrence that may help to explain present
events and anticipate future events. The data are
derived from first hand knowledge and second
hand information. E.g. Trends in Health Care
Practice in the Philippines
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
4. Descriptive Research
– the collection of data in order to test hypothesis
or answer questions concerning the status of the
subjects of the study. Its purpose is to report and
determine the ways things are through survey,
questionnaire, interview, and observation. E.g. Work
Values of Nurses and Their Clinical Performance at
Selected Government Hospitals
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
5. Correlational Research
– it determines whether and to what degree a
relationship exists between two or more
quantifiable variables. It aims to establish or to
use relationships in making decisions through
survey, questionnaire, test and scholastic data.
E.g. Parental styles and attitudes in relation to
the emotional intelligence (EQ) development of
pre-schoolers in day care centers.
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
6. Experimental Research
– manipulates independent or treatment
variables and establishes cause and effect
relationship. The sources of data are survey,
questionnaire, test and observation. E.g. The
Use and Non-use of External Flushing among
Immediate Post Partum Clients and Extent of
Bacterial Growth.