What is a survey?

A method of gathering data

(can be qualitative or
quantitative)

 Survey questionnaires present a

set of questions to a subject
who with his/her responses will
provide data to a researcher.

 Seems simple, but are many

possible pitfalls along the way
Steps in survey research
1. Determine the purpose of
your survey: what do you
want to know? Why?
2. Develop a sampling plan:
who do you want to know
it from?
3. Develop your instrument,
or questionnaire.
4. Make a Request Letter.
Steps in survey research

5. Pilot test your questionnaire

on a representative sample
and make any adjustments.
6. Develop a coding scheme
and analysis plan.
7. Conduct survey.
8. Compile, analyze, and
interpret responses.
Communicate responses.
Compilation/Documentation,
Narrative Report,
Supporting Documents
(Pictures, Instruments) will
pass in the end of the
Quarter.
What Is A Questionnaire?
A tool for collecting
information to describe,
compare, or explain an event
or situation, as well as,
knowledge, attitudes,
behaviors, and/or
sociodemographic
characteristics on a particular
target group.
TYPES OF SURVEY QUESTIONS

 Closed-Ended Questions
Closed-ended questions are basically
those questions that provide
respondents with predefined answer
options to choose from. Usually,
those can be answered with a simple
‘yes’ or ‘no’, a predefined value on a
fixed scale, or with a specific piece
of information.
TYPES OF SURVEY QUESTIONS

 Open-ended survey questions

enable respondents to supply their
own answers. This means that
there are no predefined answers
and respondents have the freedom
to express their opinion in the
wording of their choice. It also
gives them the chance to respond
in more detail.
TYPES OF SURVEY QUESTIONS
CATEGORICAL QUESTIONS
1. Dichotomous Questions
As the word ‘dichotomous’ adds
a somewhat unnecessary sense
of complexity to the issue, in
the simplest of terms, these are
what we generally call ‘yes/no’
questions – the types of survey
questions that can be answered
with a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’. 
CATEGORICAL QUESTIONS
2. Multiple-Choice Questions
Multiple-choice survey questions
usually offer three or more
predetermined answer options,
while they can allow for single
or multiple answers (check the
checkbox questions below).
CATEGORICAL QUESTIONS
3. Checkbox questions
Checkbox questions are multiple
choice-type questions that add
the flexibility of being able to
choose more than one option.
Add as many answers as you
want, and respondents can pick
as many answers to the question
as you allow them to.
Interval/Ratio Questions
4. Rating Scale Questions
With rating scale survey questions,
the respondents are asked to assess
an issue on the basis of an already
predetermined dimension. The
question usually displays a range of
answer options that can be on any
scale you want (1 to 10, 0 to 100,
and so on).
Interval/Ratio Questions
Interval/Ratio Questions
5. Likert Scale Questions
Remember that last time when you
were taking a survey and ‘neither
agreed nor disagreed’ or
‘completely agreed/disagreed’ with
a question? You may not have
known it at the time, but those
questions were based on what’s
called a Likert scale.
Interval/Ratio Questions
 5. Likert Scale Questions
It’s one of the most popular and reliable
ways of measuring perceptions,
attitudes, and opinions. Likert scale
survey questions are characterized by a
wide range of answer options to choose
from, usually ranging from one extreme
(e.g. ‘strongly agree’) to another (e.g.
‘strongly disagree’).
Interval/Ratio Questions
Interval/Ratio Questions

6. Matrix Questions

Matrix survey questions are
perfect if you’re looking to ask
several questions in a row that
contain the same answer
options. Basically, a matrix
question is a series of rating
scale or Likert scale questions.
Interval/Ratio Questions
7. Demographic Questions
Useful if you’re looking to gather
some background information about
your user. If used properly, these
enable you to learn more about
your target audience. They are
often used to segment audiences on
the basis of who they are and what
they do, thus making it easier for
you to be certain you’re targeting
the right people.