Cinema- derived from the French word

cinematograph coined by Louis and Aguste

Lumieri to describe the motion picture
apparatus they created in 1890. By 1899 the
term cinema referred to a hall where motion
pictures were shown
Film- is derived from the fact that visual and
later audio are recorded in a strip of celluloid
film coated with light sensitive material
Movie Or Motion Picture- comes from the films
ability to create the illusion movement on
screen. A less popular or common name is
photoplay.
Nickelodion- was also a term used from
Nickel (five US cents), and Odeon from the greek
oideion, meaning a music hall. Projected images
were shown on screen usually a variety of short
films and shots of stage performances.
These replaced what was known as “peep show”.
The price for this amusements was five cents.
In 1897- movies were shown in Manila using the
French projector. The early films were novel
enough because they could capture and project
motion; and were moving clips of scenes of
Europe's, especially Paris.

In 1927- sound came to film and the era of the

talkies began. The actors and actresses who
were masters of the silent film, once recorded
for the talkies.
George Eastman- founder of Eastman Kodak
company, had already invented the roll of film
in 1884 to capture images and make moving
pictures.
 Two Forms Of Films
1. Feature- tells fictional or nonfiction, followed
many features of theater such as the plot,
characters; and when sounds was added to the
film and dialogue.
Because of technology, film added the
advantages of being repeatable as often as
needed without physically exhausting actors.
2. Documentary- began with the newsreel or as a
piece on some exotic place in the world and was
shown before the feature film
FEATURE FILM MAKING WAS DOMINATED BY LARGE
STUDIOS

UNITED STATES
FEATURE FILM MAKING WAS DOMINATED BY LARGE
STUDIOS
ITALY -
UK -
HONGKONG -
FEATURE FILM MAKING WAS DOMINATED BY LARGE
STUDIOS

PHILIPPINE
Before World War II there were 6 film companies
making more than 50 films annually.

There was even a Cebuano Film Industry but war

brought all of that to an abrupt.
That industry produced Bertoldo Balodoy in 1938
1. Visual Element- covers what is visible on screen or inside
the frame of a film.
2. Cinematography Element- involves the use of the camera-
how it is place, the angle in relation to the subject, etc. All
these contribute to the final recorded image, which the
viewer see and respond.
3. Sound Element- covers all the sound components in a film-
music, sound effects, ambient noise, and dialogue. It can
establish the sound the mood of the scene, or contribute
to its environment.
4. Editing Video And Audio- belongs more to the
composition of a film rather than to the elements of
film. This task is analogous to composition of the
visual arts because it involves putting together the
finished product- film
The film editor with the director , makes two
important decisions:
first- how to sequence or arrange the shots.
Second- how long the shots will stay on the screen

Cure- a short segment that will replace a shot while

editing. It is done when a director is not pleased
with a scene or after a review of the film.
 Sound editing- this involves the balancing of
sound recorded live on the set, refining the sound
and working with sound effects and music.
 Audio bed- refers to music that runs through a
production to help establish timing.
 Dubbing- used if sound is not clear, either
because of the actress’ or actor’s delivery or
technical problems. It is also applied when a film
is translated into another language.
D.W. Griffift is said to have
developed film grammar.
He was a director, writer and producer.
Best remembered for his epic movies
Birth of a nation (1915) and Intolerance:
Love’s Struggle Throughout The Ages (1916).
 One way to look at film is to make an analogy
between it and human language.

1. Single still image- the still image may have

little or unclear meaning as the image can be
led to multiple possibilities.
2. Shot- is a single, continuous recording. It can
be likened to the word.
3. Scene- is a series of related shots and is like a
sentence. Scenes are separated by transitions
which are like punctuations in a sentenced
4. Sequence- a series of scenes that portray a
major portion of the whole story.