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 Generalization (1 buat semua “usually”) jadi

untuk some case bisa berbeda.


 In this guide: ()  optional | {}  choice
 Study the formulas
 Sample csentences
 Do practice exercise at the end
Verb (kata Complement Modifier
Subject
kerja) (objek) (keterangan)
 Orang atau barang yang mengerjakan atau
bertanggung jawab terhadap kata kerja,
biasanya mendahului kata kerja.
 Tiap english sentence harus punya subjek.
 Cth subjek:
 Single noun (ex: coffee, milk)
 Noun phrase (cannot begin with preposition/ kata
depan)  ex: the book, that new red car
 Other ex: we girls, George, etc.
 It can act as pronoun (kata ganti) for a noun (part
of idiomatic expression) / can be the subject of
impersonal verb
 There can act as a pseudo-subject and
treated like a subject when changing into
quest. Sentence. However, subject aslinya
appears after the verb, and the number of
the true subject controls the verb.
 Ex:
 There was a fire in that building last month. (+)
 Was (verb singular) there a fire (subject singular)
in that building last month? (?)
 There were many students in the room. (+)
 Were (verb plural) there many students (subject
plural) in the room? (?)
 Mengikuti subyek
 Menunjukkan action dari sentence
 Every english sentence must have a verb.
 Ex:
 Single word  ex: drives, hate
 Verb phrase (consist of aux and verb utama,
aux mendahului verb)  ex: is (aux) going
(main verb), has been (aux) reading (main
verb), must have gone, has gone, was raining,
etc.
 Tujuannya melengkapi kata kerja
 Sama kayak subyek (biasanya noun/ noun
phrase; however biasanya mengikuti kata
kerja pas sentencenya active voice)
 Nggak setiap kalimat butuh complement
 Tidak boleh diawali kata depan
 Menjawab pertanyaan what or whom
 Ex: a cake, Mary, a cigarette.
 Ngomongin waktu, cara, tempat.
 Seringkali berupa prepositional phrase
(begins with kata depan dan berakhir
dengan kata benda), bisa juga berupa
adverbial phrase
 Biasanya modifier waktu itu ditempatin
paling terakhir kalo ada banyak modifier.
 Ex:
 Prepositional phrase in the morning, at the
university, on the table
 Modifier biasanya mengikuti complement
tapi gak selalu.
 Cuman kalo modifiernya berbentuk
prepositional phrase biasanya dia gabisa
misahin verb sama complementnya.
 Incorrect: She drove (verb) on the street the
car (complement).
 Correct: She drove the car on the street.

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