Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Communication at Work
9-2
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After studying this chapter
you should be able to:
1. Describe the communication process and formal and informal
communication.
2. Contrast downward, upward, and lateral communication.
3. Compare and contrast formal small-group networks and the
grapevine
4. Contrast oral, written, and nonverbal communication.
5. Show how channel richness underlies the choice of communication
channel.
6. Differentiate between automatic and controlled processing of
persuasive messages.
7. Identify common barriers to effective communication.
8. Show how to overcome the potential problems in cross-cultural
communication.
9-3
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The Communication Process
Upward Lateral
Downward
9-6
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Downward Communication
9-7
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Upward Communication
9-8
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Lateral Communication
9-9
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Formal Small-Group Networks
9-10
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Formal Small-Group Networks
9-11
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The Grapevine
Informal communication
network
Word-of-mouth
Emerges when:
The situation is important
Ambiguity exists
The situation causes anxiety
9-12
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Modes of Communication
9-13
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Oral Communication
Advantages
Speed
Feedback
Simple to correct
Disadvantages
Potential for distorted message when
passed through a number of people
9-14
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Written Communication
9-15
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Nonverbal Communication
9-17
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Choosing Communication Method
9-19
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Choosing Written Communication
Written communication:
Provides a tangible and verifiable record that
can be stored for an indefinite period of time
Message is physically available for later
reference
Messages are more likely to be well thought-
out, logical, and clear
But, grammar mistakes can be problematic
9-20
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Persuasive Communication
9-22
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Barriers to Effective
Communication
Filtering
Selective perception
Information overload
Emotions
Language
Silence
Communication apprehension
Lying
9-23
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Global Implications
1. Know yourself.
2. Foster a climate of mutual respect, fairness,
and democracy.
3. Learn the cultural context of each person.
4. When in doubt, listen.
5. State facts, not your interpretation.
6. Consider the other person’s point of view.
7. Proactively maintain the identity of the
group.
9-25
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Implications for Managers
Remember that your communication mode will
partly determine your communication effectiveness.
Obtain feedback from your employees to make
certain your messages are understood.
Remember that written communication creates
more misunderstandings than oral communication.
Make sure you use communication strategies
appropriate to your audience and the type of
message you’re sending.
Keep in mind communication barriers such as
gender and culture.
9-26
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Keep in Mind…
9-27
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Summary
1. Described the communication process and formal and
informal communication.
2. Contrasted downward, upward, and lateral
communication.
3. Contrasted oral, written, and nonverbal
communication.
4. Showed how channel richness underlies the choice of
communication channel.
5. Differentiated between automatic and controlled
processing of persuasive messages.
6. Identified common barriers to effective
communication.
7. Showed how to overcome the potential problems in
cross-cultural communication.
9-28
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education Limited.