PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC

OF ORIFICE METER

SUBMITTED BY-
NAME- TANIA DAS
BRANCH-MECHANICAL ENGG.
ROLL N0- 27/ME/20/09
DIPLOMA 2ND YEAR, 4TH SEMESTER
 ORIFICE METER

 DEFINITION :-
It’s a device used for the
measuring rate of flow of a fluid through a
pipe.
It’s a cheaper device as compared to
venturimeter.
 ORIFICE METER

 WORKING PRINCIPLE :-
It’s works on the principle of
Bernoulli’s equation.
It consists of a flat circular plate which has a
circular sharp edged hole called orifice which is
concentric with the pipe. The orifice diameter is
kept generally 0.5 times of the diameter of the pipe,
though it may vary from 0.4 to 0.8 times the pipe
diameter.
 ORIFICE METER

 WORKING PRINCIPLE :-
A differential manometer is
connected at section (1) , which is at a
distance of about 1.5 to 2.0 times the pipe
diameter upstream from the orifice plate and
the at section (2), which is at a distance of
about half the diameter of the orifice on the
downstream side from the orifice plate.
 ORIFICE METER
Let,
p1 = pressure at section (1),
v1 = velocity at section (1),
a1 = area of pipe at section (1) &
p2 = pressure at section (2),
v2 = velocity at section (2),
a2 = area of pipe at section (2)
Applying Bernoulli’s equation at section (1) & (2),
We get,
𝑝1 𝑣12 𝑝2 𝑣2 2
+ + z1 = + + z2
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔
𝑝1 𝑝2 𝑣2 2 𝑣12
+ 𝑧1 - + 𝑧2 = -
𝜌𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 2𝑔
𝑝1 𝑝2
+ 𝑧1 - + 𝑧2 = h
𝜌𝑔 𝜌𝑔
 ORIFICE METER
Therefore,
𝑣2 2 𝑣12
h= - or, 2gh = v22 – v12
2𝑔 2𝑔

v2 = 2𝑔ℎ + v12 ………. (1)

Now section (2) is at the vena contracta and a2 represents the area at the
vena contracta. If a0 is the area of orifice then, we have
𝑎2
Cc =
𝑎0
Where Cc = Co-efficient of contraction
therefore,
a2 = a0 × Cc …………… (2)
By continuity equation, we have
𝑎2 𝑎0 𝐶𝑐
a1v1 = a2v2 or v1 = v2 = v2 …………(3)
𝑎1 𝑎1
 ORIFICE METER
Substituting the value of v1 in the equation (1), we get

𝑎20 𝐶2𝑐 𝑣22

v2 = 2𝑔ℎ +
𝑎21

𝑎0 2 𝐶 2 𝑣2
Or, v22 = 2gh + 𝑐 2
𝑎1

Or, v22 = 1 −
𝑎0 2 𝐶2 = 2hg
𝑎1 𝑐

2𝑔ℎ
Or, v2 = 𝑎 2
1 − 𝑎0 𝐶2𝑐
1
 ORIFICE METER
Therefore the discharge
Q = v2 × a2 = v2 × a0Cc {a2 = a0Cc from (2)}

a0Cc 2𝑔ℎ
= 𝑎0 2 ………….(4)
2
1− 𝑎1
𝐶𝑐

The above expression is simplified by using

1−
𝑎0 2
𝑎1
Cd = Cc = 𝑎 2
1 − 𝑎0 𝐶2 𝑐
1

𝑎
1 − 𝑎0
2 𝐶2 𝑐
1
Therefore Cc = Cd 𝑎 2
1 − 𝑎0
1
 ORIFICE METER
Substituting the value of Cc in equation (4), we get

1−
𝑎0 2
𝑎1 2𝑔ℎ
Q = a0 × Cd 𝑎 2 × 𝑎 2
1 − 𝑎0 𝐶2 𝑐 1 − 𝑎0 𝐶2 𝑐
1 1

Cda0 2𝑔ℎ Cda0𝑎1 2𝑔ℎ

= 2 =
𝑎 𝑎12− 𝑎20
1 − 𝑎0
1

Where Cd = Co-efficient of discharge for orifice meter.

The co-efficient of discharge for orifice meter is much smaller
than that for a venturimeter.
 ORIFICE METER
 APPLICATION OF ORIFICE METER.

I. Natural gas.
II. Water treatment plant.
III. Oil Filtration plant.
IV. Petrochemicals and refineries.