PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

USING ALTERNATE FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINE

Under the guidance of Mr. RAHUL SHARMA
Group members-
1. Md. Aamir Amber(1619240129)
2. Md. Ahsanuzzaman(1619240127)
3. Md. Arbaz Alam(1619240130)
4. Abhishek Kumar(1619240013)
5. Kumar Anand(1619240114)
FUEL SELECTED- ETHANOL
• REASONS-
1.Contains less carbon as compared to diesel
2.Contains upto 25% oxygen so unburnt fuel content in the exhaust gas
is less.
3.Blended mixture is stable upto 30 degree celcius
4.Increase in break specific fuel consumption and break thermal
efficiency
5.Reduced engine emissions
6.Easily available
7. Renewable
PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL(C2H5OH)-
1. Boiling point-78.5 degree celcius
2.Melting point- -114.5 degree celcius
3. Density- 789.3 kg per cubic metre(at 20 degree celcius)
4. Vapour pressure- 5.95 kPa(at 20 degree celcius)
5. Molar mass- 46.069 gram per mole
6. Appearance- colorless liquid
7. Refractive index-1.3611
8. Viscosity- 1.2mPa.s(at 20 degree celcius) 1.074mPa.s(at 25 degree celcius)
9. Dipole moment-1.69D
10. Solubility in water- miscible
PERFORMANCE OF ENGINE IS EVALUATED ON THE
BASIS OF FOLLOWING-
1.Specific fuel consumption
2.Break mean effective pressure
3.Specific power output
4.Specific weight
5.Exhaust smoke and other emissions
BASIC PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS-
1.Power and mechanical efficiency
2.Mean effective pressure and torque
3.Specific output
4.Volumetric efficiency
5.Fuel-air ratio
6.Specific fuel consumption
7.Thermal efficiency and heat balance
8.Exhaust smoke and other emissions
9.Specific weight
CALCULATION OF BRAKE
POWER_
BY using ROPE BRAKE
DYNAMOMETER brake power
can be calculated.
FORMULA used-
BP=3.14*D*N*(W-S)
Where BP is brake pwer in
kilowatt
D is brake drum diameter in
metre.
N is speed in revolutions per
second.
W is weight of load in
kilonewton and S is readind of
spring balance in kilonewton.
CALCULATION OF SPECIFIC FUEL
CONSUMPTION-
• Specific fuel consumption is a parameter that reflects the efficiency
of a combustion engine which burns fuel and produce rotational
power.

Specific fuel consumption=mf/bp

Where mf is mass flow rate of fuel in kg per second
And bp is brake power in kilowatt.
CALCULATION OF BRAKE MEAN EFFECTIVE
PRESSURE(BMEP)-
BMEP=BP*K/(N*Vd)
Where BP is brake power in kilowatt
K=2 for 4 stroke engine and K=1 for 2 stroke engine
N is speed in radian per second
Vd is piston displacement volume i.e. cross sectional area of piston*
length of stroke
EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS-
1.Carbon monoxide(non dispersive
infrared method)
2.Carbon dioxide(non dispersive
infrared method)
3.NOx
emissions(chemiluminescence
method)
4.Unburnt Hydrocarbons(flame
ionization detector
With the help of Horiba Raw
exhaust emission system.
 NON DISPERSIVE INFRA-RED(NDIR) METHOD-
By shining an infra-red beam
through a sample cell (containing CO
or CO2), and measuring the amount
of infra-red absorbed by the sample
at the necessary wavelength, a NDIR
detector is able to measure the
volumetric concentration of CO or
CO2 in the sample.
CHEMILUMINESCENCE METHOD-
• NO is a relatively unstable molecule
which will oxidize to NO2 (especially) in
the presence of O3 . This reaction
produces a quantity of light for each NO
molecule which is reacted.
• This light can be measured using a
photomultiplier tube or solid state
device.
If the volumes of sample gas and excess
ozone are carefully controlled, the light
level in the reaction chamber is
proportional th the concentration of NO
in the gas sample.
FLAME IONISATION DETECTOR-
The sample gas is introduced into a
hydrogen flame inside the FID. Any
hydrocarbons in the sample will
produce ions when they are burnt.
Ions are detected using a metal
collector which is biased with a high
DC voltage. The current across this
collector is thus proportional to the
rate of ionisation which in turn
depends upon the concentration of
HC in the sample gas.
CALCULATION OF SPECIFIC POWER OUTPUT-
Specific power output=brake power/piston area.
Piston area = area of cross section of piston*length of stroke.
CALCULATION OF SPECIFIC WEIGHT-
• Specific weight is defined as the ratio of engine weight to brake
power
Specific weight=Weight of engine in kilogram/Brake power.
For diesel engine it should be between 5 to 10 kilogram per kilowatt.
PERFORMANCE CURVE-