BI-POLAR

TRANSISTOR
Basic Electronics

Group 4
Isaguerre
Mina
Pastores
Romero
Brief History of Bipolar Junction
Transistors (BJT)
■ BJT was invented in
1948 by William
Shockley, Walter Houser • American Physicist and Inventor
Brattain, and John
Bardeen which has
remolded not only the
world of electronics but • American Physicist

also in our day to day

life.
• American Physicist and Electrical Engineer
 Bipolar Junction Transistors
■ A bipolar transistor is a
semiconductor device
commonly used for
amplification. The device can
amplify analog or digital
signals. It can also switch DC or
function as an oscillator.
Physically, a bipolar transistor
amplifies current, but it can be
connected in circuits designed
to amplify voltage or power.
Types of Bipolar Transistor

■ PNP Transistor
■ NPN Transistor
PNP
■ A PNP transistor has a layer of N-type semiconductor between two layers of P-
type material.

NPN
■ An NPN transistor has a layer of P-type material between two layers of N-type
material.
 PNP Transistors
■ In the PNP transistors, the emitter is more
positive with base and also with respect to the
collector. The PNP transistor is a three-
terminal device that is made from
the semiconductor material. The three
terminals are collector, base, and emitter and
the transistor is used for switching and
amplifying applications. The operation of the
PNP transistor is shown below.
■ Generally, the collector terminal is connected
to the positive terminal and the emitter to a
negative supply with a resistor either the
emitter or collector circuit. To the base
terminal, the voltage is applied and it
operates transistor as an ON/OFF state. The
transistor is in the OFF state when the base
voltage is the same as the emitter voltage.
The transistor mode is in ON state when the
base voltage decreases with respect to the
emitter. By using this property the transistor
can act on both applications like switch and
amplifier.
 NPN Transistors
■ The NPN transistor is exactly opposite to
the PNP transistor. The NPN transistor
contains three terminals which are the
same as the PNP transistor which are
emitter, collector, and base. The operation
of the NPN transistor is
■ Generally, the positive supply is given to
the collector terminal and the negative
supply to the emitter terminal with a
resistor either the emitter or collector or
emitter circuit. To the base terminal, the
voltage is applied and it operated as an
ONN/OFF state of a transistor. The
transistor is in OFF state when the base
voltage is the same as the emitter. If the
base voltage is increased with respect to
the emitter then the transistor mode is in
ON state. By using this condition the
transistor can act like both applications
which are amplifier and switch.
 Advantages of Bi-Polar Transistor
■ Bipolar devices can switch signals at high speeds, and can be manufactured to
handle large currents so that they can serve as high-power amplifiers in audio
equipment and in wireless transmitters.

Disadvantages of Bi-Polar Transistor

■ Bipolar devices are not especially effective for weak-signal amplification, or for
applications requiring high circuit impedance.
Application of Bipolar Junction Transistor

■ BJTs are used as amplifiers or

switches to produce wide
applicability in electronic equipment
include mobile phones, industrial
control, television, and radio
transmitters.
■ In short, they are used for switching
and amplification.
References:

■ https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/bipolar-transistor
■ https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-2/bipolar-
junction-transistors/
■ https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_1.html
■ https://www.elprocus.com/bipolar-junction-transistors-working-principle-and-
applications/