REMAJA

Eri Achmad
P S I K I AT E R
eriachmad@yahoo.co.id
 Topik Bahasan
1. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Gg Jiwa pd
Remaja
2. Deteksi dini masalah kejiwaan pada remaja
 Background
• Adolescence is a time of continual and far-reaching
change affecting all aspects of life – social, cognitive,
emotional and physical
• Times of change, heralding increased independence,
responsibility and expectation, may be precursors to
adventure, learning and growth
• They also have the potential to bring stress and
vulnerability at a time when the role of parents and
teachers in the adolescent’s life is changing.
• This is a developmental paradox that requires sensitive
positioning by those with a duty of care
• Adolescence marks a shift away from childhood
and a transition into the adult world, and this
may present some challenges or difficulties for
some students
• Some mental health difficulties experienced by
adolescents are on-going, while others may be
contextual or related to specific times or
occasions.
• These difficulties may have emerged in childhood
or they may develop and become apparent in
adolescence
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
Gg Jiwa pd Remaja

BIO-PSIKO-SOSIAL
+
SPIRITUAL
 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

GENDER-AGE-ETHICITY-SES

RISK FACTORS
Psychosocial SMOKING
Models and opportunity
Risky peer affiliations
Vulnerability ALCOHOL USE
Personal: life stress, money problem,
personal-physical victimization
Social
Parents figure
DRUG MISUSE
Behavioural
Dropping out of school

PROTECTIVE FACTORS
MENTAL HEALTH
Psychosocial: Model protective peer
affiliationas
Controls: personal; mastery, school
engagement, body satisfaction
Social: parental supervisions
Support: family, friends, intimate
Behavioural: healthy life style
 Protective factors and resilience
• Protective factors help build resilience
1. They may prevent the initial occurrence of a risk
factor
2. They may interrupt the processes through which
risk factors operate
3. They may serve to act as a buffer for risk factors,
providing a cushion against negative effects
4. Promote self-esteem and self-efficacy.
• Resilience
– Resilience is the capacity to deal constructively
with change or challenges, allowing a person to
maintain or re-establish their social and emotional
wellbeing in the face of difficult events
Deteksi dini masalah kejiwaan
pada remaja
 Prevalensi dan Pola Gg. Psikiatrik di
perawatan primer
• Setiap anak dan remaja dalam satu tahun
akan mengunjungi perawatan primer
• 2-5% disertai dengan permasalahan perilaku
dan emosional
• Tingkat gangguan psikiatrik pada anak remaja
cenderung tinggi
– 1 pada 4 anak usia 1-12 th
– 4 pada 10 remaja usia 13-16 th
• Jenis gangguan psikiatrik yang sering dijumpai
– Pra sekolah
• Oppositional defiant disorder (DSM)
• Gg. Sikap menentang (membangkang) (PPDGJ)
– Anak sekolah dan remaja
• Gg emosional
• Gg psikiatrik pada anak dan remaja
meningkatkan risiko kesehatan umumnya,
meningkatkan gejala fisik, yang pada akhirnya
meninggkatkan penggunaan fasilitas
kesehatan
 Kuliah selanjutnya
• Mekanisme pertahanan jiwa
• Simptomatologi Psikiatrik
• Pemeriksaan Psikiatrik
• Gangguan tingkah laku pada remaja