Orbital Parameters Of

Satellite

SUBMITTED TO- Presented by

PROF. RAJESH SINGHAL SIR
KARAN SINGH PARIHAR
CIVIL DEPARTMENT, RTU, KOTA
ROLL NO. 16/092
 OVERVIEW
 WHAT IS SATELLITE?
 TYPES OF SATELLITE
 WHAT ARE THE ORBITAL PARAMETERS OF SATELLITE?

1)Semi major axis

2)Eccentricity
3)Inclination or tilt
4)Longitude of the ascending node
5)Argument of periapsis
6)Mean anomaly at epoch
 SATELLITE

 DEFINITION OF SATELLITE
Anything that goes around a planet is called a
Satellite.
There are two kinds of satellites.
1) Natural satellite
2) Artificial satellite
 Natural satellite

Earth’s Moon Titan(largest moon of

Saturn)
Artificial satellite Sputnik 1

Artificial satellites are human-built

objects orbiting the earth and other
planets in the solar system.
Artificial satellites are used to study
the earth, other planet, to help us
communicate, and even to observe
the distant universe.
Satellites can even have people in
them, like the International Space
station and the Space shuttle. The first artificial satellite
launched by Soviet Union on 4th
October 1957.
 Types of satellites and application
Satellites can be classified by their function since they are launched
into space to do a specific job.
Types of Satellites
 Communication satellite
 Remote sensing satellite
 Navigation satellite
 Geocentric orbit type satellite-LEO, MEO, HEO
 Global positioning system(GPS)
 Geostationary satellite(GEOs)
 Drone satellite
 Polar satellite
 Nano satellite, CubeSats and SmallSats
 Geocentric and
GPS SYSTEM geostationary satellites
Orbital element of satellite
 A set of numerical values to define
an orbit of a satellite or planet are
called orbital elements.
 The independent orbital elements
of the earth observation satellite
are six elements of the Keplerian
orbit.
 In astronomy and orbital mechanics
there are overall six parameters
used to define an orbit.
These are:-
1)Semi major axis
2)Eccentricity
3)Inclination or tilt
4)Longitude of the ascending node
5)Argument of periapsis
6)Mean anomaly at epoch
 Semi-Major axis
 The semi major axis fixes the size of satellite’s orbit.
 It is one half of the major axis and thus runs from the centre through a focus
to the edge of ellipse; essentially, it is the radius of an orbit at the orbit’s two
most distant points.
 For the special case of a circle, the semi-major axis is the radius.

Semi major axis

Focus
 Eccentricity
 The eccentricity (e) fixes the shape of satellite’s orbit.
 The eccentricity tells you how flat the orbit is.
 This parameters indicates the deviation of the orbit from a perfect circle.
 A circular orbit has an eccentricity of 0, while a highly eccentric orbit is
closer to 1.(but always less than 1)
 Inclination
 The orbits ellipse lies in a plane and this plane forms an angle with the plane
of the equator. This angle is called the orbital inclination.
 Inclination defines the orientation of the orbital planes.
 Longitude of the ascending node
 The satellite orbit cuts the equatorial plane at two points; the first called the
descending node, where the satellites passes from the northern hemisphere
to the southern hemisphere
 And the second, called the ascending node, where the satellite passes from
the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere.
 Longitude of the ascending node

 The Longitude of the ascending node is longitude of a point where the

satellite crosses the equatorial plane headed from south to north.

Two numbers orient the orbital plane in space. The first number is inclination.
The second one is longitude of the ascending node.
 Argument of perigee

 Apogee and perigee

 Argument of perigee

 The argument of perigee(ω) is the angle formed between the two directions
to the point of perigee and the point of ascending node. So, if the perigee
would occur at the ascending node, the argument of perigee would be zero.
 Mean anomaly at epoch
The angle measured since perigee that would be swept out by the satellite if its
orbit were perfectly circular. This hypothetical orbit would assume the real
orbit's semi-major axis and its period. The Mean Anomaly indicates where the
satellite was in its orbit at a specific time.
 Epoch time
 The first thing you need to define an orbit is the time at which
the Keplerian elements were define.
 You need a snapshot of where and how fast the satellite was
going
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