WELCOME TO

FIELD OF COOLING
REFRIGERATION Screw
- Min about 100 TR
- Temp no bar
Compression type Centrifugal
chillers - High capacity temp
- normally above zero

Reciprocating
- Low capacity
- temperature no bar

Ammonia
- Low COP
Vapour absorption - No bar for temp
type chillers - Custom built

LiBr
- Good COP
- Standard Series
- Temp limitation up to 0oC
 1. WHAT DOES “TR” MEAN?
TR is the unit of measurement of refrigeration capacity and is defined as …

• 00:00 hrs, Day 1

1 US ton of water Heat removal

i.e. 907 Kg at 0oC at constant rate

• 00:00 hrs, Day 2

1 US ton of Ice Heat removal

at 0oC at constant rate

• i.e. Refrigeration unit is defined as heat rejected by 1 ton of water at 0ºC to

form ice in 24 hrs. On calculation –

1 ton of Refrigeration (TR) = 1 USTR = 1USRT = 3024 kcal/hr

 2. COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGINE AND
REFRIGERATION MACHINE
Exhaust heat Cooling Water
Rejection ‘R2’ Heat out ‘R’

Cooling kW Refrigeration Refrigeration

Engine
Water Heat Output machine Output ‘O’
out ‘R1’ ‘O’

Heat input ‘I’ Heat input ‘I’

- Heat balance over this system - - Heat balance over this system -
I = R1 + R2 + O R=I+O

- Efficiency, E = Desired effect - Efficiency, E = Desired effect

Input Energy Input Energy
= O = O
I I
- E would always less than 1 -E could be greater than 1
-Hence called COP –
Coefficient of Performance
 3. COMPARISON B/W COMPRESSION
& VAPOUR ABSOPRTION CHILLER

COMPRESSION ABSORPTION

CONDENSOR
CONDENSOR

REBOILER

COMPRESSOR
PUMP

EVAPORATOR ABSORBER

EVAPORATOR
VAPOUR ABSORPTION
CHILLERS
 WORKING SUBSTANCES IN VAPOUR
ABSOPRTION CHILLER

• LiBr
– Hygroscopic Nature
– Properties

• Water
– Properties
 PRINCIPLES OF VAPOUR ABSORPTION
MACHINE

a) Affinity to water

High LiBr Higher Affinity

Concentration

Higher Temperature Lower Affinity

b) Boiling point of water
Boiling point of a liquid is a function of its vapour pressure

10 Kg/cm2(g) 175°C

760mm Hg 100°C

70mm Hg 45°C

6mm Hg 3.5°C
Pressure Boiling Point
Modifications
SINGLE EFFECT STEAM FIRED CYCLE DIAGRAM (SS)
 COP IMPROVEMENTS BY THERMAX
1.5
1.45
1.4
1.35
1.3
CYCLE COP

1.25
1.2
1.15
1.1
1.05
1
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
YEAR
 Types of Vapour Absorption Systems

• Based On Heat Source :

Indirect Fired Direct Fired

Hot
Steam Water
Driven Driven
 Types of Vapour Absorption Systems

• Based On No of Stages :

Single Effect Double Effect

 DRAWBACKS OF CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS

Alternative energy source can not be used.

Consumes costly & increasingly scarce electricity.
Uses Harmful CFC / HCFC as refrigerants
High O & M cost.
High Noise & Vibration COSTS
 ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION
COOLING SYSTEMS

ECONOMICAL when runs on low cost heat

source.
No moving parts, hence no WEAR & TEAR.
Less down time due to lesser maintenance.
No dynamic loading, hence no Vibration.
Silent Operation
Automatic step less modulation from 10% to 100%
load.
Same efficiency in part load operation.
No harmful HCFC/CFC refrigerant is used. Water
is used as refrigerant.
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Thank You