REPORTER: SHARON E.

LOPEZ
 NATURE AND APPROACHES TO
SOCIAL INTERACTION

Social Interaction refers to the

process by which people
mutually or reciprocally
influence one another’s
attitudes, feelings, and actions.
This is the lie between the
individual and society.
It is a process by which men
interpenetrates the minds of each
other.(Dawson and Gettyes)
It is the general process whereby
two or more persons are in a
meaningful contact, as a result of
which their behaviour is modified
however slightly.(Merril)
It is such a process which
influences the overt behavior
or state of mind of the
individuals.(Corkiness)
It is an event which changes
the behaviour and attitude of
the interacting persons.
Between individual and
individual
Between Individual and
Group
Between Group and Group
Between Individual and
culture
Symbolic Interaction
-it refers to the
communication of thoughts
and feelings between
individuals that occurs by
means of symbols – such us
words, gestures, facial
expressions, and sounds.
Includes:
1.Definition of the Situation
-it refers to the sociological
perspective that views the people
attribute to a social setting; a stage
of mental examination and
deliberation in which we size up a
situation so as to devise our course
of action. This process is called
“negotiated interaction”.
2. Dramaturgy
 Developed By Erving Goffman.
it is a sociological
perspective that views social
interaction as resembling a
theatrical performance in
which people stage their
behavior in such a way as to
elicit the responses they
desire from other people.
3. Ethno methodology
 -it is a sociological perspective that studies
the procedures people use to make sense
of their everyday lives and experience.
These procedures are the taken-for-
granted, routine activities of our daily lives
and the understandings that lie behind
them.
 -it comes from the Greek word “ethnos”
meaning “folk” or “people”, methodology
refers to the procedures used in doing
something.
 Harold Garfinkel is known for establishing
and Developing Etnomethodology as field
of inquiry in sociology
4. Social Exchange
-it is a sociological
perspective that portrays
interaction as a more or
less straightforward and
rationally calculated series
of mutually beneficial
transactions.
Functionalist View
-human interaction involves little more
than people acting out roles based on
social script, much as theatrical actors
take their lines from a play.
The Nature of Social Process
Social Process – refers to
the recurrent and
patterned interactions or
responses of individuals
to one another which have
attained stability.
 Social process is classified
according to certain bases:
1. Based on formation
 Universal or basic processes
 Derived social processes

2. Based on unity or opposition

 Conjunctive social process
 Disjunctive social process
1.Basic or universal
processes – refers to
patterned and recurrent
responses observable in all
human societies.
There are three (3) universal social processes:
a.)cooperation, b.) competition
and c.) conflict.
 It involves two or more persons
joining their intelligence, efforts
talents and resources together to
attain a goal which can be shared.
It is a kind of conjoint action or a
alliance of person or groups
seeking some common goal or
reward.
Informal cooperation. It is
characterized as spontaneous
and involves mutual give and
take.
Formal cooperation. It is
characterized as a deliberate
contractual nature and prescribes
the reciprocal rights and
obligations of members.
 Symbolic cooperation. It is a
situation where two or more
persons live together
harmoniously and are supportive
and interdependent, resulting in
mutual self-interest. It involves
interdependent activities, but the
people involved may not be aware
that their activity is a form of
cooperation.
It makes for social cohesion and
integration among the members
of a group.
It contributes to social
stability and order. It fosters
consensus and compromise in
various social issues.
- It
is a form of impersonalized
struggle or opposition to secure
a reward or goal which cannot
be shared.
 Types of Competition:
 Personal competition. It involves
direct, face-to-face contact between
opposing parties.
 Impersonal competition. It involves a
struggle between persons or groups not
directly aware of each other.
•Competing individuals or groups try to outdo
each other and thereby innovate ways to do
so.
•Competition can be a driving force to
persons to develop their potentials to the
fullest and attain maximum efficiency and
effectiveness.
•Competition can develop productivity,
creativity, and ingenuity.
•Competition of member of a society for
certain goals and the competition for scarce
resources lead variation or differentiation.
It is a form of highly
personalized and
emotionalized struggle or
opposition between
individuals or group to
attain scarce goals or
values.
 Conflicts may help establish unity and
cohesion within a group which has been
threatened by hostile and antagonistic
feelings among the members. “Conflict
with the outside brings peace in the
inside.”
 Internal conflict becomes a stabilizing
and integrating mechanism in certain
instances. Conflict provides an outlet for
the expression of
 suppresses emotions and frustrations.
2. Derived social processes – refers
to secondary social processes
that arise out of the basic
social processes.
Acculturation. It is a social
process where a group blends in and
takes on some characteristics of another
culture. It is also called cultural
borrowing or cultural imitation.
Assimilation. It involves some kind
of interpenetration or fusion of cultural
elements whereby persons or groups
accept the cultural traits, attitudes, beliefs
and sentiments of another through direct,
friendly and continuous contacts.
Amalgamation. It refers to some
kind of biological fusion through
intermarriage of persons coming from
different groups.
Differentiation. It refers to the
creation of interests resulting in
individuals or groups needing or
wanting different things or services
rather than the same thing.
 Accommodation. It refers to the social
process whereby competing or conflicting
individuals or groups thresh out
Types or Kinds of Accommodation

Domination
Truce or Pact
Compromise
Mediation
Conciliation
Arbitration
Toleration
 Conjunctive Social Processes –
they refers to patterned forms of
social interactions which lead to
unity organization, cooperation and
harmony.
 Disjunction Social Processes –
they refer to patterned forms of
social interactions which lead to
disunity, disorganization, division,
and disharmony.