UNIT 5

MEASUREMENT 2 QUANTITY
SIZE COMPARISON
 SIZE COMPARISON

SLIGHTLY

The GREEN square is SLIGHTLY bigger than the RED square

 SIZE COMPARISON

CONSIDERABLY

The GREEN square is CONSIDERABLY bigger than the RED square

 SIZE COMPARISON

MUCH BIGGER

The GREEN square is MUCH bigger than the RED square

 SIZE COMPARISON

APPROXIMATELY

The GREEN square is APPROXIMATELY four times as big as the RED square
SIZE COMPARISON

The library is slightly bigger than the office

The office is considerably bigger than the entrance hall
The teaching space is much bigger than the entrance hall
The library is approximately one and a quarter times as big as
the office
The library is approximately three times as big as the
entrance hall
The teaching space is approximately twelve times as big as
the entrance hall
 IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

Aluminium has a much lower density than Copper

1
The melting point of Aluminium is approximately 2 times as low as that of Copper
Aluminium has a much lower tensile strength than Copper
Aluminum relatice cost is slightly higher than Copper

ALUMINIUM COPPER

Density: 2640 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 Density: 8950 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Melting point: 660 ºC Melting point: 1083 ºC
Typical Tensile Strength: 90 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 Typical Tensile Strength: 340 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Relative cost: 35 Relative cost: 25
IDENTIFYING MATERIAL
IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

a) This material has a slightly lower density than aluminium: Glass

b) This material has a much higher melting point than glass: Mild steel
c) This material has a tensile strength much higher than concrete but
slightly lower than zinc: Hardwood (Oak)
d) This material is slightly lighter than oak but is much stronger in
Tension: Mild steel
e) This material has a considerably higher melting point than copper, but
a much lower tensile strength: Glass
f) This material has a tensile strength approximately twice that of pine:
Aluminium
g) The melting point of this material is approximately 1 ½ times as high
as that of copper: Glass
h) The density of this material is approximately half that of pine:
Aluminium
i) This material is ten times as strong as concrete in tension: Softwood
j) These two materials have very nearly the same tensile strength:
Aluminium and Oak or Oak and Zinc
 IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

The tensile strength of copper is approximately three times that of

zinc.
Copper is a much higher tensile strength than zinc.

SIMILAR SENTENCE

a) Copper and aluminium with regard to their densities.
The density of copper is approximately three times
that of aluminium. Copper is a much more dense than
aluminium
b) Zinc and oak with regard to their tensile strength.
The tensile strength of zinc is approximately 1.1 times
that of oak. Zinc is a slightly lower tensile strength
than oak.
c) Mild steel and aluminium with regard to their tensile strength.
The tensile strength of mild steel is approximately 5
times that of aluminium. Mild steel is a much
higher tensile strength than aluminium.
d) Glass and concrete with regard to their densities.
The density of glass is approximately 1.1 times that of
concrete. Glass is a slightly much more dense than
concrete.
e) Mild steel and copper with regard to their melting points.
The melting point of mild steel is approximately two
times that of copper. Mild steel is a much higher melting
point than zinc.
 IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

Oak is considerably heavier than pine, has a much higher

tensile strength and cost 2 ½ times more per kilogramme.

SIMILAR SENTENCE

G
L
A
S C Glass is slightly heavier than
S O concrete, has a much higher typical
&
N tensile strength and cost 12 times
C more per kilogramme.
R
E
T
E
 IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

ALUMINIUM COPPER
& &
M I L D ST E E L ZINC

Aluminium is much lighter than mild steel, has a much Copper is much heavier than zinc, has a much higher typical
lower melting point and cost 4 times more per kilogramme. tensile strength and cost 4/5 times more per kilogramme.
 IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

PINE
&
M I L D ST E E L

Aluminium is much lighter than mild steel, has a much

lower melting point and cost 4 times more per kilogramme.
IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

CLADDING

Client : What do you think is the best material to

use for the cladding?

Architect : Well, aluminium isn’t really suitable. It’s

strong enough but it’s too expensive. I think we should
use mild steel. It’s not only strong enough but it’s also
cheaper.

BEAM
Client : Can you help me to find the best
material using beam?
Architect :Yes, of course. Pine and oak are the
best one. In my opinion, you should use oak instead of
pine because it has a much higher typical tensile
strength an affordable price.
IDENTIFYING MATERIAL

ROOF COVERING

Client : Which one do you think is better

between zinc and copper for lightweight roofing?

Architect : In my opinion, zinc is better than

copper because this material is lighter than copper
and also has an affordable price.

FIRE DOOR
Client :What is the best material for the fire
door ?

Architect : I think mild steel and copper are good

material, but mild steel has a better resistance to high
temperatures, and also the price is relatively cheaper.
Towns
Location
and
Their
Climate.
New Delhi
New Delhi is a city in India. The
temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in
summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters.
This city have high variation between
summer and winter in terms of both
temperature and rainfall. So, New Delhi
have a hot-dry climate.
 Phoenix
Phoenix is in the southwestern United
States, in south portion of Arizona. This
city has very hot summers and wild
winters. With 3,872 hours of bright
sunshine annually, Phoenix receives the
most sunshine of any major city on Earth.

Average temperature in Phoenix reaches

75.1° and the Relative Humidity is at
36.6%. Phoenix have annual rainfall about
4 to 8 inches. So, Phoenix is a city with
Composite or monsoon climate.
Mombasa
Located near the equator, Mombasa
has only a slight seasonal
temperature variation, with high
temperatures ranging 28.8-33.7°.
Mombasa relative humidity is about
75% to 82%. This shows that
Mombasa has warm-humid climate
zone.
a) Coastal area usually have
excessive humidity, for
example is Mombasa which is
a city close to the coast. In
this area, humidity occurs in
the months of May to
October.
b) Insufficiant rainfall areas
can be found in several parts
of the earth, one of which is
Phoenix. Dubai have
Precipitation accumulated
rain reaching 110.7 mm
(4.36 in) per year, which is
from May to Oct is listed
below 1%.
c) Excessive rainfall areas can
be found in Monvoria,
Liberia. The Monrovia rainy
season runs from May to
October, but June and July
are the wetest.
d) Phoenix is one of the cities
with excessive heat. Average
temperatures in this country
reaches 86° celcius. The
hottest time of the city is mid-
year.
Diagram
House
 This diagram have adequate shade and
ventilation. Open layout make the house
can gain maximum benefit from the
prevailing wind. So this diagram for warm-
humid climate.

Compact layout in this diagram made for

reduce sun exposure. The house can hold
the heat because the walls are thick. So the
diagram is suitable for hot-dry climate.
BUILDING DIFFERENCES
 ZULU HUT

Climate : Tropis in south african

Structure : half sphere
Materials used : a. Hut : Sapling poles and grass
b. Floor : mixture of anthill clay and cow-dung
The uses of zulu hut generally same like house
 WIGWAM

Climate :Winter used by native america

Structure : Pyramid
Materials used : Bark and mats
The used of wigwam generally same like house
 AIR SUPPORTED STRUCTURE

Climate : winter
Structure : hemispheres
Materials used : fiberglasss and polyester
To protect the stadium from snow and wind
 BEDOUIN TENT

Climate : dessert
Materials used : black wool
Temporary shelter
 VAULT AND DOMES

Climates : dessert
Structure : Curved
Materials used :Wooden
cover a space with a ceiling or roof
 MONOLITHIC DWELLINGS

Climate : Dessert
Structure : hemisphere
Materials used : Stone
Same like house
 TEMPLE V , TIKAL

Climate : Normal
Structure : Pyramid
Materials used : Stone
 IBN TULUN MOSQUE, CAIRO

Structure : shape of the roof is hemisphere and the body is cube

This place is moeslims praying place
TEMPLE OF HEAVEN, PEKING

Structure : Like silinder

This place is buddhis praying place