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Lecture Objectives:

• Discuss HW4, answer your questions


• Finish with desiccant systems
• Learn about cooling towers
Heat recovery system in
NSM building at UT
Sensible W Enthalpy W
HW4 (Due March 23rd)
1) Using NMS’ AHU, show the process in the
Psychrometric chart for Austin’s
a) Fall humid day (Outdoor: T=24C & RH=90%)
b) Fall dry day (Outdoor: T=24C & RH=50%)
c) Winter (T=3C RH=70%)

For fall: T hot deck is minimum 24C, T cold deck is 13C


For winter: T hot deck is 35C, T cold deck is 13C

For each case: (a,b, and c) calculate RH of supply air in hot


and cold deck.
Desiccant wheel
Desiccant wheel

Figure 3 – A desiccant-based cooling system combined with regenerative heat exchanger, vapor compression cooling, and
evaporative humidifier (hybrid system).
Variation in Cycles

Much more in the paper I gave you (Technical development of rotary


desiccant dehumidification and air conditioning)
Cooling Tower
• Similar to an evaporative cooler, but the
purpose is often to cool water
• Widely used for heat rejection in HVAC systems
• Also used to reject industrial process heat
Cooling Tower
Various Use

For small buildings

For power plant (all kinds)

One of the cooling tower at UT For industrial application


Cooling Tower Performance Curve
R
TCTR
Outdoor from chiller
WBT

TCTS
to chiller

Temperature difference: TCTS


R= TCTR -TCTS

Most important variable is


wet bulb temperature

TCTS = f( WBToutdoor air , TCTR , cooling tower properties) WBT

or for a specific cooling tower type

T = f( WBT , R)
Coupling of cooling tower with the
water cooled condenser
System Modeling
Two variable function fitting
(example for a variable sped pump)
Function fitting for a chiller
q = f (condensing and evaporating T)

200
25 C
35 C
45 C
q[kW] 150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
16 Tevaporator [C]
Cooling Tower Performance Curve
R
TCTR
Outdoor from chiller
WBT

TCTS
to chiller

Temperature difference: TCTS


R= TCTR -TCTS

Most important variable is


wet bulb temperature

TCTS = f( WBToutdoor air , TCTR , cooling tower properties) WBT

or for a specific cooling tower type

T = f( WBT , R)
Cooling Tower Model
Model which predict tower-leaving water temperature (TCTS) for arbitrary
entering water temperature (TCTR) and outdoor air wet bulb temperature (WBT)

Temperature difference:
R= TCTR -TCTS

Model:
TCTS  a4  b4 WBT  c4 WBT 2  [d4  e4 WBT  f 4 WBT 2 ]  R  [ g4  h4 WBT  i4 WBT 2 ]  R2

For HW 3b:

You will need to find coefficient a4, b4, c4, d4, e4, f4, g4, h4, and i4 based on the
graph from the previous slide and two variable function fitting procedure
Modeling of Water Cooled Chiller
(COP=Qcooling/Pelectric)
Chiller model:
COP= f(TCWS , TCTS , Qcooling , chiller properties)
Modeling of Water Cooled Chiller
Chiller model: Chiller data: QNOMINAL nominal cooling power,
PNOMINAL electric consumption for QNOMINAL

Available capacity as function of evaporator and condenser temperature


Cooling water supply Cooling tower supply

CPATF  a1  b1  TCW S  c1  TCW


2
S  d1  TCTS  e1  TCTS  f1  TCW S  TCTS
2

Full load efficiency as function of condenser and evaporator temperature


EIRFT  a2  b2  TCW S  c2  TCW
2
S  d 2  TCTS  e2  TCTS  f 2  TCW S  TCTS
2

Efficiency as function of percentage of load


Q( )
Part load: PLR 
EIRFPLR  a3  b3  PLR  c3  PLR QNOMINAL  CAPFT

The consumed electric power [KW] under any condition of load

P  PNOMINAL  CPFT  EIRFT  EIRFPL Q( )


COP( ) 
The coefiecnt of performance under any condition P( )
Reading: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/pdfs/engineeringreference.pdf page 597.
Combining Chiller and Cooling
Tower Models
P  PNOMINAL  CPFT  EIRFT  EIRFPL Function of TCTS

3 equations from previous slide

Add your equation for TCTS


TCTS  a4  b4 WBT  c4 WBT 2  [d4  e4 WBT  f 4 WBT 2 ]  R  [ g4  h4 WBT  i4 WBT 2 ]  R2
→ 4 equation with 4 unknowns (you will need to calculate R based on water flow in the cooling tower loop)
Merging Two Models
Temperature difference:
R= TCTR -TCTS
Model:
TCTS  a4  b4 WBT  c4 WBT 2  [d4  e4 WBT  f 4 WBT 2 ]  R  [ g4  h4 WBT  i4 WBT 2 ]  R2

Link between the chiller and tower models is the Q released on the condenser:
Q condenser = Qcooling + Pcompressor ) - First law of Thermodynamics

Q condenser = (mcp)water form tower (TCTR-TCTS) m cooling tower is given - property of a tower

TCTR= TCTS - Q condenser / (mcp)water

Q( )
Finally: Find P() or COP ( ) 
P( )
The only fixed variable is TCWS = 5C (38F) and Pnominal and Qnominal for a chiller (defined
in nominal operation condition: TCST and TCSW);
Based on Q() and WBT you can find P() and COP().

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