PROKARYOTIC

CELLS AND
EUKARYOTIC
CELLS
WHAT IS
PROKARYOTIC
CELLS?
Are cells that do not
have a true nucleus or
membrane-bound
organelles.
 PROKARYOTIC
CELLS
UNICELLULAR (SINGLED-
CELL)
BACTERI ARCHAE
A A
Prokaryotic
cells
Prokaryotes live mostly as independent individuals
in loosely organized communities. They are typically
or

spherical or rod-shaped and measure a few

micrometers in linear dimension. They often have
tough protective coat, called a cell wall beneath which
a plasma membrane encloses a single cytoplasmic
compartment containing DNA, RNA, proteins and
many more small molecule needed for life.
ARCHAEA
Are simple
unicellular
organisms. They are
also prokaryotes but
unlike bacteria, they
don’t have
peptidoglycan in
their cell wall.
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotes from ancient times
comprise the first stages of life on
earth. These bacteria thrives in the
depths of the Black Sea, lacking
oxygen, and in the boiling waters of
hot springs and deep-sea vents.
These relatively harsh condition
reinforce differences in form of
metabolism from what is currently
seen in present-day bacteria which
Methanogen
sMethane –producing
bacteria that are able
obligate anaerobes,
meaning they grow
only in an oxygen-free
environment because
oxygen poisons them.
BACTERI
A
Are prokaryotic organism
which are unicellular and
have very adaptive
mechanism.
Cyanobacter
ia
Also known as Blue-Green Algae. They have evolved
the ability to capture the energy of the light and
transform it into the energy of chemical bonds within
cells, using the chlorophyll pigments in their internal
structure. They produce oxygen as a result of their
photosynthetic activities, so when they appeared at
least 3 billion years ago, they play important role in
increasing the concentration of free oxygen from the
earth’s atmosphere from below 1% to 21%.
What is
eukaryotic cells?
Are cells that
contains a nucleus
and organelles
and are enclosed
by plasma
membrane.
 EUKARYOTIC CELLS
UNICELLULAR or
MULTICELLULAR
Protist Plants Animal Fung
s i
Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotes, from the Greek words for true and
nucleus, because they possess and internal structure
called a nucleus that encloses most of their genetic
material. All organism other than bacteria are
eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells, in general, are bigger and
more elaborate than prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells
have the capacity to form more complex structures,
unlike the prokaryote which exist mostly as unicellular
cell.
Endosymbiotic
theory
The theory suggest that
mitochondria and the
chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells
were derived from prokaryotic
organism living inside another
cell as symbiont (either of two
organism that live in symbiosis
with one another). According to
this theory, energy-producing
bacteria may have come to
reside within larger bacteria,
Characteristics
Characteristics Prokaryote Eukaryote

Size 0.2 – 2.0 um in diameter 10 – 100 um in diameter

Nucleus None True nucleus

Organelles No membrane-bound Has membrane-bound organelles
organelles
Cell wall Complex structure Simple structure if present

Plasma Simple structure Complex structure

membrane
Cytoplasm Has cytoplasm but no streaming Has cytoplasm undergoing streaming

Ribosomes Small units Large units

DNA Single singular plasmids Complex DNA arrangement

Reproduction Binary fission Mitosis and meiosis

 Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
cells cells
Have DNA
Oldest cell Have Evolve from
type
Small and ribosomes prokaryotes
Larger and more
Have
simple complex
Lack nucleus and cytoplasm
Have plasma Contains nucleus
organelles Singled-cell and organelles
membrane
Single circular Singled-cell or
chromosomes multicellular
Multiple linear
chromosomes