HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

Anjalia Santika
Learning Objective:
1. Students are able to understand about the male and female reproductive system.
2. Students can explain the menstrual cycle, fertilization, pregnancy and birth.
3. Students are able to know the process of the occurrence of twins.
4. Student can find out diseases in the human reproductive.
5. Student can know about the technology in the reproductive system.
 Male Reproductive System

O Female Reproductive System

U
T Menstrual Cycle
L Conception Process, Pregnancy
I and Birth
N The Occurrence of Twins
E
Disease and Technology in the
Human Reproductive System
 MALE REPRDUCTIVE SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Male genital organs consist of internal and external (Figure 1).

The external structures of the male reproductive system are:
• Penis
• Scrotum
• Testicles
While the internal organs of the male reproductive system are:
o accessory organs, include the following:
- Vas deferens,
- Ejaculatory ducts,
- Urethra,
Figure 1. Male Reproductive Organs
- Seminal vesicles,
- Postate gland and bulbourethral glands.
 FUNCTION OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Here’s the table contain about the function of male reproductive

organs:
Organ Function
Testes Produce sperm and male hormones

Scrotum Support testes and regulates their

temperature

Seminal vesicle Contribute fluids to semen production

Prostate gland Secrete prostate fluid (component of semen),

aids in ejaculation

Epididymis Store mature sperm

Vas deferens Transport sperm from epididymis

Penis Transfer sperm into female

 HORMONES FOUND IN MALE GENITALS

The primary hormones involved in the functioning of the male

reproductive system are:
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Testosterone.
 SPERMATOGENESIS PROCESS

Spermatogenesis is the process by which a complex, three

major stages can be distinguished:
1. Spermatogoniogenesis
2. Maturation of spermatocytes
3. Spermiogenesis, which is the cytodifferentiation of
spermatids.

Figure 2. Spermatogenesis
Video About SPERMATOGENESIS PROCESS
 Female Reproductive System
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS

Female genital organs consist of internal and external (Figure 3)

The external structures of the female reproductive system include:

• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Bartholin's glands
• Clitoris

The internal reproductive organs in the female include:

• Vagina
• Uterus (womb)
• Ovaries
• Fallopian tubes
Figure 3. Female Reproductive Organs
 THE FUNCTION OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
Here’s the table contain about the function of female reproductive
organs:

Organ Function

Ovaries Produce and develops eggs

Fallopian tubes Transfort egg to uterus, acts as site

(oviduct) of fertilization

Uterus Support a developing ambryo

Cervix Allow passage between the uterus

and the vagina

Vagina Receives penis

Breasts Produce and deliver milk

 HORMONES FOUND IN FEMALE GENITALS

Here are the hormones in female:

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luitenuizing hormone (LH)
• Progesterone
 Oogenesis Process
Here’s the process of oogenesis:

Figure 4. Oogenesis
Video About Oogenesis Process
MENSTRUAL CYCLE

The average menstrual cycle takes about 28 days and

occurs in phases. These phases include:
• The follicular phase (development of the egg)
• The ovulatory phase (release of the egg)
• The luteal phase (hormone levels decrease if the egg
does not implant)

Figure 4. Mestrual Cycle

Video About MENSTRUAL CYCLE
 The Hormones in MENSTRUAL CYCLE
There are four major hormones involved in the menstrual cycle.
These hormones include:
 Follicle-stimulating hormone
 Luteinizing hormone
 Estrogen
 Progesterone
 CONCEPTION

Conception is the moment of fertilisation and the associated changes that take
place in a female’s body which lead to the embedding of the embryo and its growth within
the uterus.
 PREGNANCY
Pregnancy occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg after it’s released from
the ovary during ovulation. The fertilized egg then travels down into the uterus, where implantation
occurs.A successful implantation results in pregnancy.
 BIRTH

Spontaneous

Types of childbirth Assisted

Caesarean
The Occurrence of Twins

There are two types of twins, classified by zygosity.

They include:
 Monozygotic multiples form from a
single zygote (fertilized egg) that splits after
fertilization (Figure 5).

 Dizygotic or multizygotic multiples form

from two or more zygotes, which are
separate eggs fertilized by separate sperm that
share the same period of gestation (Figure 6).
Figure 6 Fraternal Twins

Figure 5. Identical Twins

 Disease in Human Reproductive System

Here are disease in female reproductive system:

• Endometriosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Prolapsed uterus

Endometriosis

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Prolapsed uterus
 Disease in Human Reproductive System

Here are disease in male reproductive system:

 Hypospadias
 Hydrocele
 Varicocele
 Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Hypospadias

Benign prostatic
hypertrophy (BPH)

Varicocele
Hydrocele
 Technology in Human Reproductive System
• Amniocentesis is a procedure to test for amniotic fluid (amnio) in the womb of a pregnant woman.
• Ultrasonography (USG) is an imaging procedure that uses high-frequency sound wave technology to produce
images of the inner body, such as organs or soft tissues.
• In Vitro Fertilization is also known as IVF. This pregnancy program is an artificial reproduction program to
overcome fertility problems in having children. In this IVF program, sperm will be fertilized with eggs in the
laboratory.

Amniocentesis

Ultrasonography (USG)

In Vitro Fertilization
THANK YOU
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