Presented by:

Ayan Ansha Borgohain

 INTRODUCTION
What is a Landfill ?
 A Landfill is a carefully designed structure
built into or on top of the ground in which
trash is isolated from the surrounding
environment. This isolation is
accomplished with a bottom liner and a
daily covering of soil. A Sanitary Landfill
uses a clay liner and a Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) Landfill uses a
synthetic(plastic) liner.
Operating Requirements:
 Use of appropriate Cover Material for the
landfill.
 Disease Vector Control.
 Monitoring of air and groundwater quality.
 Run-on and Run-off control systems.
 Record keeping requirements.
Site Selection Criteria:
 Land area and volume must be sufficient
enough so that the landfill can serve for the
projected number of years.
 Irrigation pipelines and water supply wells
should not be situated close to the
boundary of the landfill.
 Residential Development should be
planned far away from the landfill.
 Agricultural Lands should not be used for
landfill development.
Liner Systems
 Landfill liners are designed to create a
barrier between the waste and the
environment, and to drain the leachate to
collection and treatment facilities.
Liners may be of 3 types:
1) Single
2) Composite
3) Double
Single Liner
Composite Liner
Double Liner
Landfill gas production
 Phase 1:
 Aerobic phase.
 Biodegradable components undergo
microbial decomposition.
 Once pH drops below 15%, anaerobic
organisms are cultivated.
 Phase 2:
 Anaerobic phase.
 pH of landfill cells drops down.
 Phase 3:
 This is the second anaerobic phase.
 pH of landfill liquid drops to around -5.
 Increased amount of CO2 within voids.
 Metals and other inorganic constituents are
solubilised.
 Dissolution of organic acids in leachate.
 Phase 4:
 Methane fermentation phase.
 pH increases and stabilizes at around 6.8 to 8.
 BOD, COD and leachate conductivity reduces.
 Metals which were soluble previously begin to
precipitate.
 Phase 5:
 Maturation phase.
 Rate of gas generation decreases.
The occurrence of these phases depend on distribution of
organic components in landfill cell, availability of
nutrients, moisture content of waste and degree of
initial compaction.
Landfill gas production in
different phases
Treatment , Storage and Disposal
Facilities (TSDF)
 Waste Analysis:
o Parameters to be analysed.
o Safe sampling methods.
o Labelling.
o Repeatability of tests.
o Standardization of tests.
o Trained personnel to handle equipment
and hazardous substances.
 Hazardous Waste Landfills:
o Double liner.
o Double leachate collection removal
systems.
o Leak detection systems.
o Monitoring storm water run-on and run-off.
o Monitoring wind dispersal.
 Incineration of Hazardous Waste:
There are 3 factors which ensure the
completeness of combustion in an
incinerator:
 Temperature of combustion chamber.
 Length of time for which the wastes are
maintained.
 Turbulence (degree of mixing).
Type of Incinerators
 Liquid Injector
Incinerator:
o Advantages-
 Few moving parts and less
maintenance.
 Capability to incinerate a
wide variety of wastes.
o Disadvantages-
 Only capable of combusting
liquids and slurries.
 Feed nozzles tend to clog.
 Rotary Kiln Incinerator:

It consist of a rotating cylinder mounted at slight inclined from ground

level. Waste in the form of liquids, slurries or solids are fed.
 Moving Grate Incinerator:

 It is also referred to as MSW incinerator. It allows more efficient and

complete combustion. A single moving grate incinerator can handle up
to 35 metric tonnes of waste/hour and can operate for ~ 8000
hours/year.
 Fixed Hearth
Incinerator:
These are extensively used
for combustion of bulk
solid and liquid waste
from medical or
municipal facilities. A
controlled flow of
combustion air is
introduced up through
the hearth(floor) and the
bottom ash is removed
by dumping the parts
into a water bath.
 Fluidized Bed
Incinerator:
In a fluidized bed
incinerator, the bed part
is separated into
combustion and heat
absorption cells. It offers
isothermal combustion
with temperature of
operation being in the
range of 750-1000°C.
Thank You