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Descriptive Statistics

Hands-on
Dr. Lim Poh Ying

ext - 7820
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this hands-on, you should be able to:
1. Compute basic descriptive statistics using SPSS
• Frequency table and graph
• Measures of central tendency -mean, median and
mode
• Measures of dispersion- range, variance, standard
deviation, standard error
• Normality distribution checking- box-whisker,
histogram, normal curve

Recall
 Descriptive statistics are techniques that
o summarize, organize, and simplify raw data in a form that
is more manageable.
 Describe the characteristics of the observed
data using summary statistics and graphs

Table
Statistics values
mean, median, mode
Graph
3
Type of Variables

Qualitative Quantitative

Nominal Ordinal Continuous Discrete

Summarizing Data Displaying Data in Summarizing Data Displaying Data in


With Numbers: Table & Graph with Numbers: Tables & Graph:

• Proportion • Pie Chart o Measures of Central • Histogram


• Bar Chart Tendency • Stem and Leaf Plots
• Percentages • Mean
• Ratios • Pictographs • Error Bar Plot
• Median
• Rates • Frequency Table • Box-Plot / Box &
• Mode
• Contingency Table o Measure of Spread • Whiskers Plot / Box Plot
• Range • Frequency Polygon
• Percentile • Scatter Plot
• Standard Deviation • Frequency Table
• Variance
• Coefficient of
Variation
 Using measures of dispersion:
o Normal distributed data:

Mean( SD)

o Skew / Not normal distributed data:

Medium( IQR)

5
 Construct frequency table
 Define the measures of central tendency
(mean, median and mode) and measures of
dispersion (range, IQR, variance, standard
deviation, standard error)

Open descriptive_BMI_1.sav
► Analyze ► Descriptive Statistics ► Frequencies
► Statistics

8
 Construct bar chart, pie chart, histogram, box
plot.
► Statistics ► Charts

SPSS: Charts
Attention!!
So easy to get
the results using
software, so,
you have to
understand what
you really need..

You have to decide what values


that you interested and suitable
chart (e.g., bar chart, pie chart)
Categorical Data Numerical Data
 Statistics • Statistics
◦ Frequency (%) – Mean (SD)
 Graphs (normal data)
◦ Bar chart – Median (IQR)
◦ Pie chart • Graphs
– Histogram
– Box Plot
– -etc
13
► Analyze ► Descriptive Statistics ► Explore

15
Box Plot

19
► Graphs ► Legacy Dialogs ► Boxplot
Interpretation

From box plot,


you can see that
female has
lower median
BMI compared
with male. So,
you must
choose the
suitable statistic
test to prove it..

Will learn it soon….…


 1. There is a record of the IQ level in specific the
class room. (Download the descriptive_IQ_2.sav
from portal.)
◦ A. Define the types of variable (and scale measurement)
for IQ, age, weight, height and gender.
◦ B. Construct the cumulative frequency table for the age
variable.
◦ C. Compute the mean, mode, median, range, standard
deviation and variance of IQ level, then draw in
histogram with normal curve line.
◦ D. Construct box plot for weight and height separately.
◦ E. Construct box plot for IQ level, based on gender.
Think…………………….

Why so important to calculate mean,


median, range, SD…..of the data?

Why so important to know to know the


histogram, box plot... of the data?

-To understand your data


-To present your data to public
-To help you to choose the CORRECT
statistic tests, i.e., parametric test or non
parametric test -normality..
1. Histogram with overlaid normal
curve
2. Box and whisker plot
3. etc

25
1. Histogram with overlaid normal curve

Symmetric Normal curve=


normal distr.
Parametric test
3. Box and whisker plot
 1. There is a record of the IQ level in specific
the class room.
◦ Check the distribution of weight and IQ level
,testing using 2 methods that learnt.
◦ If the particular variable is not normal distributed,
describe the characteristic of the distribution.

Now, Do for weight!


find the mean and median value of
weight, histogram with curve line , box
plot!
 Construct frequency table
 Define the measures of central tendency
(mean, median and mode) and measures of
dispersion (range, variance, standard
deviation, standard error)
 Construct the charts, i.e., histogram, box plot
 Normality test
 A researcher would like to investigate the blood
glucose level (mmol/L) of100 students in FPSK.
(Download the descriptive_glucose_3.sav from
portal.)
◦ Define the types of variable (and scale of measurement) for
glucose and BMI.
◦ Describe the glucose level of these students in mean, SD, median,
range, IQR
◦ Construct box plot for glucose level, based on year of student.
◦ Is that BMI is normal distribution? Check the distribution using
two methods that learnt. If the particular variable is not normal
distributed, describe the characteristic of the distribution.
Thank you

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