Smith, an architect who is similarly young and innocent, when he is sent to Endelstow to survey the church for repairs Parson Swancourt sees Stephen as a perfect match for his daughter and encourages their growing infatuation with each other. Unfortunately, when Stephen and Elfride have become engaged, Stephen reveals an unfortunate truth: that he is in fact the son of the head mason in the parish. He is educated because he has been fortunate to have a good friend and mentor, Henry Knight. Nevertheless he is still the son of a laborer, and even worse, a laborer in the same town. Swancourt forbids their engagement, but Elfride and Stephen, caught up in the passion of the moment, agree to elope and remain secretly married until Stephen can earn the approval of her father. By coincidence, Swancourt remarries a woman who is a distant relative of Knight’s. Mrs. Swancourt invites him to visit, and when he arrives, Elfride and Knight develop a friendship. Knight is an intellectual who is prepared to think Elfride is vapid and silly. She is not. Elfride may be young but she’s also educated, loves to read, and has even written a novel. Elfride and Knight’s relationship is more thoughtful than the one she shared with Stephen. Where she was somewhat pushed into the relationship with Stephen, with Knight she has to resist her growing interest, because she is still corresponding with Stephen. Elfride begins to forget Stephen & falls in love with Knight & they become engaged. She gradually becomes uneasy as she learns more of his ideas of love & becomes frightened that he will stop loving her if he discovers her relationship with Stephen. Eventually Elfride, out of desperation, marries a third man, Lord Luxellian. The conclusion finds both suitors travelling together to Elfride, both intent on claiming her hand, and neither knowing either that she is already married or that they are accompanying her corpse and coffin as they travel. Psycho-analytic interpretations of the novel might well then observe that she is ‘punished’ by dying in childbirth. Main Characters
Elfride Swancourt-the heroine, is both
extremely attractive and emotionally naive
Stephen Smith-her first suitor, also has this
childish innocence, and she loves him because he is 'so docile and gentle‘
Henry Knight- the second suitor, is more
dominantly masculine, with the expectation of Elfride's spiritual and physical virginity. Secondary Characters
Parson Swancourt-Elfride’s father
Mrs.Swancourt-wife of Mr.Swancourt,related to Henry Knight Background
This was the third of Hardy's novels to be
published and the first to bear his name. It was first serialised in Tinsley's Magazine between September 1872 and July 1873. The novel is notable for the strong parallels to Hardy and his first wife Emma Gifford. In fact, of Hardy's early novels, this is probably the most densely populated with autobiographical events.