4-Dec-19 1

OR
TALK OUT OF IT.

4-Dec-19 2
Secure a building
 Navy :
 Turn off lights, lock all doors & windows
 Army :
 Surround & occupy, no unauthorised entry
 SSF :
 storm the building, capture it, and hold it with
suppressive fire and close combat
 Air Force :
 take out a three-year lease with an option to buy

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 COMMUNICATIO
N
Communication is mutual exchange of
facts, thoughts & perception, resulting
in common understanding.

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MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

VERBAL VOCAL NON VOCAL

SPOKEN WORD WRITTEN WORD

NON SCREAM, SPATIAL

VERBAL GRUNT, RELATIONSHIPS
INFLECTION, (PROXIMICS)
ETC GESTURES, FACIAL
(PARALINGUI- EXPRESSIONS, ETC
STICS) (KINESICS)

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PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

SENDER’S COMMON RECEIVER’S R

S E
O C
U E
R ENCODING MESSAGE DECODING I
C V
E E
FIELD FIELD FIELD R

FEED-BACK
NOISE

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 ACCIDENT REPORT
( RUMOUR CLINIC )

THE DELIVERY TRUCK, HEADING SOUTH WAS

TURNING RIGHT AT THE INTERSECTION WHEN
THE SPORTS CAR, HEADING NORTH, ATTEMPTED
TO TURN LEFT. WHEN THEY SAW THAT THEY
WERE TURNING INTO THE SAME LANE, THEY
BOTH HONKED THEIR HORNS BUT CONTINUED
TO TURN WITHOUT SLOWING DOWN. IN FACT,
THE SPORTS CAR SEEMED TO BE ACCELERATING
JUST BEFORE THE CRASH.

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Paradigms of Communication
Encoding-Decoding Paradigm

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Nikita Khruschev, 1956
 We will bury you.
 We will be present at your burial.
 Communism need not go to war to destroy Capitalism,
since the latter would eventually self-destruct.

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Paradigms of Communication
Encoding-Decoding Paradigm

Intentionalist Paradigm

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  Do you know what time is it?

 What is that?
 That is a pronoun.

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Paradigms of Communication
Encoding-Decoding Paradigm

Intentionalist Paradigm

Perspective Taking Paradigm

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  Bail Out!!

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Okhil Babu's letter to the Railway
Department
 "I am arrive by passenger train Ahmedpur station and my
belly is too much swelling with jackfruit. I am therefore
went to privy. Just I doing the nuisance that guard making
whistle blow for train to go off and I am running with
'lotah' in one hand and 'dhoti' in the next when I am fall
over and expose all my shocking to man and female women
on plateform.

I am got leaved at Ahmedpur station.

 This too much bad, if passenger go to make dung that dam

guard not wait train five minutes for him. I am therefore
pray your honour to make big fine on that guard for public
sake. Otherwise I am making big report to papers."
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Paradigms of Communication
Encoding-Decoding Paradigm

Intentionalist Paradigm

Perspective Taking Paradigm

Dialogic Paradigm
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4-Dec-19 16
What is Conflict?
A conflict is a perception in the
mind of an individual or a group
of individuals that the other
person or group is hindering the
first party from achieving the
goal.

-Udai Pareek
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 INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT
CAUSES
1. PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES

2. PERCEPTIONS

3. CLASHES OF VALUES & INTERESTS

4. POWER & STATUS DIFFERENCES

5. SCARCE RESOURCES
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High Conflict Handling Styles
Competitive/Authoritative Collaborative/Problem solving
Forcing a solution to impose Searching for a solution that meets
Degree of Assertiveness/Concern for Self

one’s will on the other party each other’s needs

WIN-LOSE WIN-WIN

Compromise
Bargaining for gains or losses
by each party
WIN-WIN ?!?

Avoidance/withdrawal Accommodating/Smoothing
Denying the existence of conflict Playing down conflict
Hiding one’s true feelings Seeking harmony at any cost
LOSE-LOSE LOSE-WIN
Low

Low Degree of Cooperation/Concern for Others High

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Conflict Handling Styles
 Avoiding
• Ignoring conflict and hoping that they’ll go away
• Putting problems under consideration or on hold
• Invoking slow procedures to stifle conflicts
• Use of secrecy to avoid confrontation
• Use of bureaucratic rules to resolve conflict

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Conflict Handling Styles
 Accommodating
• Giving away
• Submission and compliance

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Conflict Handling Styles
 Compromising
• Negotiation
• Looking for deals and trade-offs
• Finding expedient or minimally acceptable solution

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Conflict Handling Styles
 Competing
• Creation of win-lose situation
• Use of rivalry
• Use of power play to get one’s ends
• Forcing submission

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Conflict Handling Styles
 Collaborating
• Problem-solving stance
• Confronting differences through sharing ideas
• Searching for integrative solutions
• Finding win-win solution
• Seeing conflict as an opportunity

4-Dec-19 24
Your Style
 Management Of Difference Exercise(MODE)
 Thomas – Killman
 Choose what describes you best ‘a’ or ‘b’

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 Your Style
1. a. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals.
b. I attempt to get all concerns and issues immediately out in the open.

2. a. I put my cards on the table and invite the other person to do the same.
b. When conflicts arise, I try to win my case.

3. a. Once I adopt a position, I defend it strongly.

b. I prefer not to argue but look for the best possible solution.

4. a. I sometimes sacrifice my own wished for the wishes of the other

person.
b. I fell that differences are not always worth worrying about.

5. a. I accept the views of others, rather than rock the boat.

b. I avoid people with strong views.
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Your Style
6. a. I like to cooperate with others and do not mind following their
ideas.
b. I feel that most things are not worth arguing about, and so, I stick
to my own views.

7. a. I mostly try to find some compromise solution.

b. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals.

8. a. When conflicts arise, I try to win my case.

b. I normally propose a middle ground.

9. a. I like to meet the other person half-way.

b. Once I adopt a position, I defend it strongly.

10.a. I feel that differences are not always worth worrying about.
b. I mostly try to find some compromise solution.

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Your Style
11. a. I normally propose a middle ground.
b. I avoid people with strong views.

12. a. I feel that most things are not worth arguing about, and so, I stick
to my own views.
b. I like to meet the other person half-way.

13. a. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals.

b. I sometimes sacrifice my own wishes for the wishes of the other
person.

14.a. I accept the views of others, rather than rock the boat.
b. when conflicts arise, I try to win my case.

15. a. Once I adopt a position, I defend it strongly.

b. I like to cooperate with others and do not mind following their
ideas.

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Your Style
16.a. I mostly try to find some compromise solution.
b. I sometimes sacrifice my own wishes for the wishes of the other
person.

17. a. I accept the views of others, rather than rock the boat.
b. I normally propose a middle ground.

18.a. I like to meet the other person half-way.

b. I like to cooperate with others and do not mind following their
ideas.

19.a. I feel that differences are not always worth worrying about.
b. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals.

20.a. When conflicts arise, I try to win my case.

b. I avoid people with strong views.

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Your Style
21. a. I feel that most things are not worth arguing about, and so, I stick
to my own views.
b. Once I adopt a position, I defend it strongly.

22. a. I attempt to get all concerns and issues immediately out in the
open.
b. I feel that differences are not always worth worrying about.

23.a. I avoid people with strong views.

b. I put my cards on the table and invite the other person to do the
same.

24. a. I prefer not to argue but to look for the best solution.
b. I feel that most things are not worth arguing about, and so, I stick
to my own views.

25. a. I attempt to get all concerns and issues immediately out in the
open.
b. I mostly try to find some compromise solution.
4-Dec-19 30
 Your Style
26. a. I put my cards on the table and invite the other person to do the same.
b. I normally propose the middle ground.

27. a. I prefer not to argue but to look for the best solution.
b. I like to meet the other person half-way.

28. a. I sometimes sacrifice my own wishes for the wishes of the other person.
b. I attempt to get all concerns and issues immediately out in the open.

29. a. I put my cards on the table and invite the other person to do the same.
b. I accept the views of others, rather than rock the boat.

30. a. I like to cooperate with others and don’t mind following their ideas.
b. I prefer not to argue but to look for the best solution.

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Your Style

Avoiding
Sty Accommodating
le Compromising
Competing
Collaborating

0 5 10 15

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Using Effective Communication
Techniques to Reduce Conflict

 The Defusing Technique

 “I know that I said I would call you last night. You are
absolutely right. I wish I could be more responsible
sometimes.”
 Lose to Win

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Using Effective Communication
Techniques to Reduce Conflict

 Empathy / Active Listening

 Put yourself in the other person's place.
 Show understanding and acceptance.
 Restate the person's concerns in your own words.
 Don't interrupt.
 Maintain eye contact.
 Listen carefully.

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Using Effective Communication
Techniques to Reduce Conflict

 Using “I” Statements

 (You message) "You are so inconsiderate, coming home
this late and not even calling me!"
 (I message) "I get very worried when you come home
late and don't call me. In the future, please call me and
tell me when you're going to be late."

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Using Effective Communication
Techniques to Reduce Conflict

 Stroking
 Say positive things about the other person, even if the
other is angry with you.
 Show a respectful attitude.
 “I genuinely respect you for having the courage to bring
this problem to me. I admire your strength and your
caring attitude.”

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Using Effective Communication
Techniques to Reduce Conflict

 Timing
 Best to discuss issues or conflicts when:
 You are alone in a private setting with the person with whom
you have the conflict.
 You and the other person have ample time to talk.
 You and the other person are rested and generally feeling
good.
 DO NOT discuss conflict issues when:
 You or the other person involved are angry, tired, upset,
and/or under any unusual stress.

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 OR
TALK OUT OF IT.

4-Dec-19 38
Thanks for your time
and attention
Gp Capt Uday Singh,
Head, Academic Affairs
College of Defence Management
Sainikpuri
Secunderabad(AP) 500094

Mobile +918099261954

Email udayssingh@hotmail.com
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