 Wide Flange

A wide flange is a type of building material used to

construct homes, bridges, and other structures. These beams
can also be placed parallel to the ground to form floors and
roofs.
 I-Beam
The best known type of construction beam is the I-
beam. I-beams are usually used in commercial construction,
in everything from skyscrapers to stadiums, it can also be
used in residential construction.
 C-Channel
The channel, also known as a C-beam, is a type of
(usually structural steel beam) used primarily in building
construction and civil engineering.
 Tee
Tee Section, also known as T beam or T bar, is a
structural beam with a “T” shaped cross section. Tee section is
generally made of plain carbon steel.
 Hollow Steel Section (HSS)
HSS (hollow structured sections) refers to a metal
profile that is hollow and tubular. This hollow structural tube (or
HSS) is used as a structural element in buildings, bridges and
other structures, and in a wide variety of manufactured
products.

Circular (CHS) Squared (SHS) Rectangular (RHS)

 Angular
An angle bar is also known as an “L-bracket” or an
“angle iron,” is a metal bracket in the form of a right angle. It is
made of galvanized steel and often used in masonry or applied
to different surfaces through welding or drilling.
 Pipe
Pipe is any material that conveys fluids for a wide
range of applications. Cooling and heating (HVAC), waste
removal, and potable water delivery are among the most
common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these
applications.
 Steel is known to have given a structure that no other
can when it comes to construction. The durability and potency
that steel provides is not matched by wood or concrete.
 Steel Plates are available in different grades and sizes.
Steel Plates are commonly used in various demanding
applications including construction, earth moving equipment,
mining and quarrying, engineering and machinery, pressure
vessels, renewable energy, ship building, offshore oil, gas and
pipeline.
 This is the most common type of steel used in building
construction, which is also known as mild steel. It is
incalculably strong and durable, and ensures a sturdy built.
 It does not crack when bent, it is immensely flexible, and it is
ductile and has great plasticity.
 It can withstand any sort of calamity and is strong enough to
not crack, in turn being able to save its occupants.
 This type of steel is used as a tension device for reinforced
concrete or reinforced masonry structure.
 It provides resistance, durability and aesthetic resistance with
local resistance and stiffness that spreads through a wide
area that other types of steel aren’t usually equipped in.
 Structural steel comes in various shapes like I-Beam, Z shape,
HSS shape, L shape (angle), structural channel (C-beam,
cross section), T shaped.
 Structural steel is ductile, strong, durable, and it can be
morphed into almost any shape based on the construction.
 A tensile test, also known as tension test, is probably the most
fundamental type of mechanical test you can perform on
material.
 Tensile tests are simple, relatively inexpensive, and fully
standardized. By pulling on something, you will very quickly
determine how the material will react to forces being applied
in tension. As the material is being pulled, you will find its
strength along with how much it will elongate.
 also known as tension testing is a fundamental material
science and engineering in which a sample is subjected to
controlled tension until failure.
 Young modulus € describes tensile elasticity on tendency of
an object to deform along an axis when opposing force one
applied along that axis.
 is the resistance of an object to a force tending to it apart and
it is calculated as the highest tension the object can endure
without tearing.
 Shear strength is the ability of a metal fractured by opposing
forces not acting in to resist being a straight line. Shear
strength can be controlled by varying the hardness of the
metal.
 It is the ratio of extension of an object to its original length as
force applied on it.
 or yield strength is the material property defined as stress at
which a material begins to deform where yield point is the
point where nonlinear deformation begin.
 It is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads
tending to elongate the object as opposed to compressive
strength which withstand loads tending to reduce its size.
 1) Carbon Steels
 2) Alloy Steels
 3) Stainless Steels
 4) Tool Steels
Carbon steels are alloys made from a combination of iron and
carbon. By varying the percentage of carbon, it is possible to
produce steel with a variety of different qualities. In general, the
higher the carbon level the stronger and more brittle the steel.
Alloy steels are so named because they are made with a small
percentage of one or more metals besides iron. The addition of
alloys changes the properties of steels. For example, steel made
from iron, chromium, and nickel produces stainless steel. The
addition of aluminum can make steel more uniform in
appearance.