JAVA

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCING JAVA:
Java is a computer programming language that is concurrent class-based, object-oriented and specifically designed to have
as few implementation dependencies as possible.It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere"
(WORA), meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java applications are
typically compiled to bytecode (classfile) that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.
Java is, as of 2012, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications,
with a reported 9 million developers.
There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:
1. It should be "simple, object-oriented and familiar"
2. It should be "robust and secure"
3. It should be "architecture-neutral and portable"
4. It should execute with "high performance"
5. It should be "interpreted, threaded, and dynamic"
HISTORY:
James Gosling is the creator of java.The language was initially called oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office;
it went by the name green then it was renamed as java.
Sun microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995. It promised "write once run anywhere" (WORA),
providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms. Fairly secure and featuring configurable security, it allowed network- and
file-access restrictions. Major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java applets within web pages, and Java
quickly became popular. With the advent of Java 2 (released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December 1998 – 1999), new versions had
multiple configurations built for different types of platforms. For example, J2EE targeted enterprise applications and the greatly
stripped-down version J2ME for mobile applications (Mobile Java). J2SE designated the Standard.
On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software, (FOSS), under the terms of the GNU
General public licence(GPL). On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code available under free
software open-source distribution terms, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright.
Sun's vice-president Rich Green said that Sun's ideal role with regards to Java was as an "evangelist." Following Oracle
corporation's acquisition of Sun Microsystems in 2009–2010, Oracle has described itself as the "steward of Java technology
with a relentless commitment to fostering a community of participation and transparency". This did not hold Oracle, however,
from filing a lawsuit against Google shortly after that for using Java inside the Android SDK (see Google section below
Characteristics of Java:
- Write once, run anywhere (WORA): It is a slogan created by sun microsystem to illustrate the cross platform benefit of
the Java language. Ideally, this means Java can be developed on any device, compiled into a standard bytecode and be
expected to run on any device equipped with a Java virtual machine (JVM). The installation of a JVM or Java interpreter on
chips, devices or software packages has become an industry standard practice.

- Supports multimedia: Java is ideally suited for integration of video, audio, animation, and graphics in internet
environment.

- Open product:Java is freely available to all.however there exist, some special time-saving Java development kits, which can
be availed by playing small amounts.

- Platform independent: Change of platform does not really affect the original Java program.
 SEVEN REASON YOU SHOULD USE
JAVA
1. You can actually hire engineers
Not to be sniffed at when your Node.js Ninjas and Rails Rockstars get headhunted into the latest impossibly well-funded
startup.

2. IDEs take the pain away

Eclipse and NetBeans are astonishingly powerful tools, and can mask some of the admitted horror that is Java API soup.
Bend like a reed, admit you can’t know everything, and float downstream on the good ship autocomplete.

3. Language support
You don’t have to write Java to use Java. You can get all the benefits of the portable JVM runtime but scribble away in the
familiar environs of Ruby or Python. It can be faster too. And that’s not to mention the newer languages aimed at modern
programming such as Scala, Groovy or Clojure.
4. Android
Who can resist the little green robot? Google made a sensible choice when they chose the Java language to power what’s
becoming the world’s dominant mobile phone platform. So, maybe Oracle has a billion-dollar beefwith this, but
programmers — new and seasoned alike — are picking up Java as mobile becomes the future of consumer software.

5. Everybody else does

Java’s ecosystem is a goldmine. Pretty much everything you want to do, there’s a library for it. Actually, there’s probably
an Apache project for it. Very often the lowest impedance way to speak to the rest of the world is via a Java API.

6. It changes slowly
We’re celebrating the release of Java 7 right now. It’s been two years in the making, and frankly, there’s not a whole lot
that’s changed for most people. If you can take your finger off the refresh button at Hacker News for more than an hour,
any software that lives longer than a year becomes a real pain to maintain when the underlying platform keeps changing.
Yes, looking at you, Rails.

7. You’ll end up using it anyway

At a certain point you’ll need performance, predictability and a ready supply of engineers. Scaling, deploying and
programming to the cloud are places where Java excels. Twitter found this out, and will be talking about it at OSCON Java.
 10 DIFFERENT JAVA APPS USED IN
THE WORLD.
- JPC.
- Think free.
- Team Jefferson's Tommy Junior bot.
- NASA World Wind.
- JavaFX Script & JavaFMobileX.
- Blu-ray BD-J
- UltraMixer
- Flying Saucer & Mozilla Rhino
- Project Looking Glass
- Sun SPOT
JPC
JPC is a pure Java emulation of an x86 PC with fully virtual peripherals. It runs anywhere you have a JVM,
whether x86, RISC, mobile phone, set-top box, possibly even your refrigerator! All this, with the bulletproof
security and stability of Java technology.
JPC creates a virtual computer upon which you can install your favorite operating system in a safe, flexible
and powerful way. It aims to give you complete control over your favorite PC software's execution
environment, whatever your real hardware or operating system, and JPC's multi-layered security makes it the
safest solution for running the most dangerous software in quarantine - ideal for archiving viruses, hosting
honey pots, and protecting your machine from malicious or unstable software.
THINK FREE
ThinkFree is the compatible alternative to Microsoft Office. It includes ThinkFree Write (word processing), ThinkFree Calc
(spreadsheet), and ThinkFree Show (presentation) applications that let you create, edit, and update your documents. The
ThinkFree interface is designed to look, feel, and behaves like Microsoft Office, eliminating the learning curve. Because
ThinkFree application use the same formats as Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, you can rest assured that your documents will
look the same in ThinkFree as they do in Microsoft Office-no matter what editing features you are using. It can also save as
PDF.
Team Jefferson's Tommy Junior bot
Tommy is based on a Scion xB vehicle platform. The team's secret weapon is the patent pending MAX software platform
from Perrone Robotics. MAX represents the DNA and core robotics operating system that enables the rapid drop-in of
commercially available and affordable sensors, hardware, and actuators. MAX is based 100% on Sun Microsystems' Java
technology. Tommy Junior's micro-controllers and single low-cost standard car PC run the MAX robotics platform atop of
standard, micro, and Java Real Time System (Java RTS) profiles.
The team's after-market drop-in approach enables any vehicle whatsoever to be made fully autonomous within a short
period of time. Tommy Junior's cost in parts has been a mere $50,000 which includes the automotive platform itself. After
actuators and hardware were dropped in, Tommy Junior was up and running in just 24 hours with Tommy senior navigation
and obstacle avoidance capabilities. While Tommy Junior and Tommy senior share the same MAX DNA, Tommy Junior has
since surpassed his father's wits with new rules of behavior rapidly evolved for city driving.
NASA World Wind
World wind lets you zoom from satellite altitude into any place on Earth. Leveraging Landsat satellite imagery and Shuttle
Radar Topography Mission data, World Wind lets you experience Earth terrain in visually rich 3D, just as if you were really
there. It is very much like Google Earth, but written 100% in Java. There is an SDK for embedding it into your Java Swing
applications.
JavaFX Script & JavaFXMobile
JavaFX Script is a compiled declarative scripting language that will soon be built into Java that enables Java developers and
graphics designers to create rich user interfaces comparable to Adobe Flash. Recentlykey frame animation support was
added. The graphical designer tool being developed will be an Adobe Illustrator plugin. Rich Internet Applications built using
JavaFX Script will run in the browser as an applet. An efforts of cosmic proprotion has been done to the Java Runtime
Environment to improve startup time and responsiveness of applets.
Java FXmobile is a complete mobile operating and application environment built around Java and Linux open source
technologies. JavaFX Mobile includes support for Java ME applications and other standard Java APIs to enable a broad
range of new and existing Java applications. I think JavaFX Mobile brings a nearly complete Java SE environment to mobile
devices (minus some things such as Corba, JMX, etc). Sun is a bit late in the game, but I think this will really pick up.
Blu-ray BD-J
The Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) selected Java techonology be used as the platform for their advanced interactive
application specification. Java technology was selected because:Java technology has proven to be a technically sound
solution in the mobile domain and in interactive television (MHP/OCAP)Java technology has proven cross-platform
technology support in embedded devices Java technology provides an open-ended platform for content development with
secure network support
I have seen a live demo of BD-J at Java One and was very impressed. Blu-ray seems to be winning the battler. It might finally
be time to pick up a Blu-ray player.
UltraMixer
Ultramixer is a DJ mixing software which enables you to mix digital music in various formats such as MP3, WMA, AAC,
OGG, WAV or CDs in real time. All you need is a sound card. The DJ's turntables are replaced by two digital SoundPlayers,
the "vinyls" are available within seconds through the integrated FileArchive. There are three versions of UltraMixer
available: the Free Edition and the Basic Edition for private users and the Professional Edition for high demands and
commercial use. It can interface with a number of hardware controller so you don't have to use a mouse.
Flying Saucer & Mozilla Rhino
Flying Saucer is 100% Java XHTML+CSS renderer, including support for table pagination, margin boxes, running
elements, named pages, and more. It is CSS 2.1 compliant (currently working on CSS 3 compliance), can be embedded
into your Swing applications, and uses the open source LGPL license. This is a very impressive library! Equally
impressive is Mozilla Rhino. Rhino is an open-source implementation of JavaScript written entirely in Java. It is typically
embedded into Java applications to provide scripting to end users. Imagine combining Flying Saucer, Applets/JavaFX
Script support, Rhino, and the hugely improved "Consumer JRE"!
Project Looking Glass
Project Looking Glass is an open source development project based on and evolved from Sun Microsystems' advanced
technology project. It supports running unmodified existing applications in a 3D space, as well as APIs for 3D window
manager and application development. At the moment, existing application integration is supported for Solaris x86 and
Linux platforms. The library for 3D application development is available for Linux, Solaris and Windows.
Sun Spot
The Sun SPOT Device is a small, wireless, battery powered experimental platform. It is programmed almost entirely in Java
to allow regular programmers to create projects that used to require specialized embedded system development skills. The
hardware platform includes a range of built-in sensors as well as the ability to easily interface to external devices. The
SPOT Development Kit contains two complete, free-range Sun SPOTs (with processor, radio, sensor board and battery) and
one basestation Sun SPOT (with processor and radio). Also included are all the software development tools and cables
required to start developing applications for your Sun SPOT.
DONE BY

PUJIT YG