WIND ENERGY

WIND ENERGY

It is renewable and provides clean mechanical and electrical power to meet the
needs of human beings without disturbing the ecosystem.

Wind is simply air in motion that carries kinetic energy with it. The kinetic energy is
converted into first mechanical and then electrical energy by generator The mechanical
energy of wind can be used for driving ships, pumping water, grinding grains, etc

A device for direct mechanical work is often called a windmill or just wind turbines. If
electricity is produced, the combination of turbine and generator may be called a wind
generator or aerogenerator that is also referred as a wind energy-conversion system
(WECS).
WIND TURBINE AND ITS MAIN SUB COMPONENTS
Wind turbine is a rotating machine
which converts the kinetic energy
into mechanical energy if the
mechanical energy is then converted
into electricity ,the machine is called
wind generator

- Rotors which convert wind energy

into mechanical energy of the shaft

- Nacelle (enclosure) which contains all the

conversion equipment, generator ,gear shaft
etc.

- Tower, to increase the height of the

turbine systems so that higher wind
speeds are captured.
- Control equipment, Cables and other Civil
BASICS OF LIFT AND DRAG FORCE
Reference 2
Drag Force (D)
When a body is forced to move through a fluid especially through a liquid, it is found that
the body meets some resistance. It is well known that it is very difficult to walk in water
because of the much greater resistance offered by water to motion as compared to air. It is
also felt that the strong push is exerted by the flowing wind on the human body..The force
exerted by a flowing fluid on a body in the flow direction is called drag force.

Lift Force (L)

A stationary fluid exerts only normal forces on the surface of a body immersed in it. A
moving fluid, however, also exerts tangential shear forces on the surface of a body. Both of
these forces have the components in the direction of the flow. Hence, drag force is due to
the combined effects of pressure and wall shear forces in the flow direction.
The components of pressure and wall-shear forces in the direction normal to the fluid
flow that tend to move the body in that direction are called lift.
PRINCIPLE OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION

When the wind is blowing it exerts two types of forces ,lift and drag ,on the object in its
path . Drag force acts in the same direction as the wind while lift force is perpendicular to
the direction of the wind . The relative size of the drag and lift forces depends entirely on
the shape of the object .
Streamlined objects experience much smaller drag force than blunt objects.

ROTOR DESIGN
PITCH:- The blades of a rotor are curved so that they deflect the wind .
The lift force created causes rotor to rotate . In order to generate the maximum amount
of lift the blades must be set at an appropriate angle to the wind, called the pitch.
SOLIDITY
Solidity is defined as the percentage of circumference of the rotor which is filled by
rotor blades. The greater the solidity of a rotor the slower it needs to turn the
intercept the wind

TIP SPEED RATIO : The tip speed ratio (TSR) of a wind turbine is defined as,
λ= 2πRN/V∞
V∞ = Speed of Wind without any rotor intervention
R=Radius of the Rotor, which signifies the swept area
N=Rotational speed of the rotor in rps
λ= Tip Speed Ratio

The tip speed ratio (λ) for wind turbines is the ratio between the rotational speed of
the tip of a blade and the actual speed of the wind .
India ranks 4thin world with
6.6% share.

Installed wind capacity by

state as of 31 March 2018.
StateTotal Capacity (MW)

Tamil Nadu 8,197

Gujarat 5,613
Maharashtra 4,784
Karnataka 4,509
Rajasthan 4,298
Andhra Pradesh 3,963
Madhya Pradesh 2,520
Telangana 101
Kerala 53
Others 4

Total 34,043MW

India's largest wind power

production facilities
(10MW and greater)
INDIA’s LARGEST WIND
POWERPLANTS☺
⚫ Muppandal is a small village in Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu and one
of the most important site of wind farm in the state. It uses wind from the Arabian
Sea to produce renewable energy with the total capacity of 1500MW[5]which is
the largest in India.
⚫ Jaisalmer Wind Park is the second largest operational onshore wind farm in
India,located at Amarsagar in Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan. Its installed
capacity of 1,064 MW which makes it one of the largest wind farms in the world
and largest of kind in India.
TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

HORIONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES (HAWTs)

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE (VAWTs)

Wind turbines can be separated into two types based on the axis in which the
turbine rotates as Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines and Vertical Axis Wind
Turbines. The former are more commonly used due to several inherent
advantages, the latter being used in small scale.
HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES
(HAWTs)

Their axis of rotation is horizontal.

The variability of wind distribution and speed brings up
the requirement of a gear system connected to the rotor
and the generator. The gear system enables a constant
speed of rotation to the generator thus enabling constant
frequency generation.
They require a yaw mechanism to keep them facing the
wind, and also because in high winds the blades can turn
out of the wind thereby increasing drag and coming to a
stop.
 VERTICAL AXIS
WIND TURBINES
(VAWTs)
Vertical-axis wind turbines (or VAWTs) have the main rotor
shaft arranged vertically as the plane of rotation is vertical.
Blades are also vertical in this arrangement.
They don’t require a yaw control mechanism to be pointed
into the wind.
These are useful in sites where wind direction is random or
there is presence of large obstacles like trees, houses etc.
Some drawbacks are the low efficiency of wind production
and the fact that large drag is created for rotating the
blades in a vertical axis.
Advantages of wind energy :
• Wind energy is far more eco-friendly than the burning of fossil fuels for
electricity.
• Another advantage of wind power is the ability to place turbines
wherever necessary.

• The main advantage include an unlimited, free, renewable resource

(the wind itself), economic value, maintenance cost, and placement
of wind harvesting facilities.

• Harvesting wind power is a clean, non-polluting way to generate

electricity .
 Disadvantages of wind energy:
• Constructing turbines and wind facilities is extremely
expensive. Very high initial capital cost and maintenance
cost.

• The second disadvantage is technology immaturity.

Thank You