Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter 8
Fundamentals of
Planning
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Planning
Place Ahead
Slide — Chapter
Title Text Here 8 Study Questions
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Chapter
Place Slide 8 Learning
Title Text Here Dashboard
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Chapter
Place Slide 8 Learning
Title Text Here Dashboard
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Takeaway
Place 1: Why
Slide Title Textand How Managers Plan
Here
• Planning
– The process of setting objectives and
determining how to accomplish them
• Objectives and goals
– Identify the specific results or desired outcomes
that one intends to achieve
• Plan
– A statement of action steps to be taken in order
to accomplish the objectives
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Takeaway
Place 1: Why
Slide Title Textand How Managers Plan
Here
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Place Slide Title Text Here
Figure 8.1 The roles of planning and controlling
in the management process
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Takeaway
Place 1: Why
Slide Title Textand How Managers Plan
Here
• Benefits of planning:
– Improves focus and flexibility
– Improves action orientation
– Improves coordination and control
– Improves time management
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Takeaway
Place 1: Why
Slide Title Textand How Managers Plan
Here
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Takeaway
Place 1: Why
Slide Title Textand How Managers Plan
Here
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Takeaway
Place 2: Types
Slide Title TextofHere
Plans Used by Managers
• Types of plans
– Long-term plans look three or more
years into the future
– Short-term plans typically cover one
year or less
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Takeaway
Place 2: Types
Slide Title TextofHere
Plans Used by Managers
Most of us
• 3 month time
frame
A few of us
• 1 year time frame
Very few of us
• 20 year time frame
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Takeaway
Place 2: Types
Slide Title TextofHere
Plans Used by Managers
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Takeaway
Place 2: Types
Slide Title TextofHere
Plans Used by Managers
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Takeaway
Place 2: Types
Slide Title TextofHere
Plans Used by Managers
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PlaceTakeaway 3: Planning
Slide Title Text HereTools and Techniques
• Forecasting
– Attempts to predict the future
– Qualitative forecasting uses expert opinions
– Quantitative forecasting uses mathematical
models and statistical analysis of historical data
and surveys
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PlaceTakeaway 3: Planning
Slide Title Text HereTools and Techniques
• Contingency planning
– Identifying alternative courses of action to take
when things go wrong
– Contingency plans anticipate changing conditions
– Contingency plans contain trigger points
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PlaceTakeaway 3: Planning
Slide Title Text HereTools and Techniques
• Scenario planning
– A long-term version of contingency planning
– Identifying alternative future scenarios
– Plans made for each future scenario
– Increases organization’s flexibility and
preparation for future shocks
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PlaceTakeaway 3: Planning
Slide Title Text HereTools and Techniques
• Benchmarking
– Use of external and internal comparisons to plan
for future improvements
– Adopting best practices: things people and
organizations do that lead to superior
performance
– Staff planners assist in all steps of the planning
process
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Takeaway
Place Slide 4: Implementing
Title Text HerePlans to Achieve Results
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Place Slide Title Text Here
Figure 8.2 A sample hierarchy
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Takeaway
Place Slide 4: Implementing
Title Text HerePlans to Achieve Results
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Takeaway
Place Slide 4: Implementing
Title Text HerePlans to Achieve Results
• Participatory Planning
– unlocks the motivational potential of goal setting
– management by objectives (MBO) promotes
participation
– when participation is not possible, workers will
respond positively if supervisory trust and
support exist
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Place Slide Title Text Here
Figure 8.3 How participation and involvement help
build commitment to plans
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